A RESEARCH EXPLORATION ON NEAR FIELD
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
NFC is described as the short range wireless technology used to connect two or more electronic devices. It is founded by the collaboration of Nokia, Sony, and Philips in the year 2004. NFC is operated with a frequency of 13.56 MHz and its transfer speed is up to 424kbps.
The basic idea of the NFC is designed and was built upon the radio frequency identification technology (RFID). An RFID system has two components, a reader and a target. The reader is an electronic device which is active and generates the radio frequency field while the target devices uses that specific field for the data exchange. The major NFC revolution came in to existence when Nokia launched its first mobile device with NFC in the year 2007, which was basically used to share the data and mobile ticketing. The present mobile technology is using the NFC in a wide range as this technology has many advantages compared to the other wireless communications as it exchanges information by facilitating bidirectional communication.
MODES OF OPERATION OF NFC:
NFC technology integrates the today’s wireless communication by unlocking the solutions in the platforms of information collection and exchange, payments, mobile ticketing etc. NFC can support three modes of operation.
CARD EMULATION MODE:
In the card emulation mode the devices which are enabled with the NFC are used as the virtual smart cards which allows the users to make transactions such as shopping, mobile ticketing, money transfers and transit access control by just one t...
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...the different sectors of the market like mobile companies, merchants, banks etc. and should provide a safe platform for the users of the technology.
REFERENCES:
1. Aalst, W. and Kumar, A. (2003) XML-Based Schema Definition forSupport of Interorganizational Workflow. Infromation Systems Research.
2. Finžgar, L. and Trebar M. (2011) Use of NFC and QR code identification in an electronic ticket system for public transport. In proceedings of 19th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (softCom).
3. Fressancourt, A., Herault, C., and Ptak E. (2009) NFCSocial: Social Networking in Mobility Through IMS and NFC. In Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Near Field Communication. 24-29.
4. Heim, S. (2007) The Resonant Interface: HCI Foundations for Interaction
Design, Addison Wesley.
wireless communication got a lot of attention when a message was transmitted that allowed for
As we progress deeper into the digital era, we rely more and more on our electronic devices. Over the last decade, almost everyone who lives in a developed nation owns a cellphone and they are becoming an integral part of our life.
As we can see now-a-days, there are many replacements to card payments such as MOBILE PAYMENT options like Apple and Samsung Pay. Recently, Apple has launched finger print (TOUCH ID) payment option in its new Mac-book Pro. Almost every application has its own wallet to pay. But still, as we know that technology is any day not secured. It might not be vulnerable today. But, we cannot predict its non-vulnerability because one day or the other, it becomes vulnerable to any type of attack.
easier and quicker than ever before. NFC technology is going to keep getting bigger with the
The advancement of cell phone technology in the last decade is truly astounding because back then most people’s cell phones had such limited capabilities. Cell phones or smart phones as they are also known today have so many advanced abilities it’s more like having a pocket sized computer in your grasp. We can
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a computerized ID innovation that uses radio recurrence waves to exchange information between an onlooker and things that have RFID gadgets, or tags, attached. The tags hold a microchip and receiving wire, and work at universally distinguished standard frequencies. Barcodes are much smaller, lighter and easier to use than RFID. But RFID offers significant advantages. One major advantage of RFID is that the innovation doesn't require any observable pathway; the tags can be perused as long as they are inside the range of the spectator, whereas in barcodes in order to read the barcode the barcode scanner should close around 10-15 fts.
RFID has taken strides from being a far off solution to becoming a mainstream application that helps speed the handling of manufactured goods and materials. RFID is an identification and tracking tool for a product using radio waves. It uses a microchip and a printed antenna that can be then packaged in several different forms such as a label or embedded between layers of a carton. These labels are then used to identify the manufacturer, product category and the RFID enables this identification from a distance and unlike earlier bar-code technology, it does so without requiring a line of sight. (Finkelzeller)
The world has gone through a lot of changed as time passes by. With advancements in the technological field people are can communicate with ones from around the world without having to even lift a finger. To make things more efficient and more cost saving industries have made technology wireless. Wireless technology gives people the chance to get up from their stationary computer, or cord phone and able to freely move without restrictions. The IT, or Information Technology has become a standard and very critical part of today’s society. Wireless technology came from the basic just cellular usage to sensors in the medical field. Wires are now a thing of the past in today’s world with forever revitalizing technology.
Business today is inextricably intertwined with technology, from the smallest home office, to a multinational corporation with multiple monolithic legacy application. It is impossible to be in business today without confronting the issues of technology. The way we do business today is different than 30 years ago. Technology has evolved around the areas of telecommunication, travel, stock market, shipping even around our daily lives. E-commerce a system by which people can buy, sell and deal without even seeing the person on the other side has taken a front seat in improving the economy of countries around the world. Technology today has made it possible for monetary institutions to help locate the customers resources and help solve their problems at any given time through online banking. The Internet, a boon to all business, is playing a part of a catalyst; it links millions of customers to its suppliers and vice versa due to this, manufactures are able to cut the role of middlemen and are able to deal with the customers, giving them the ability for direct input from the customers about their choices and views of their product. The busi...
RFID is a technology that has been developed, updated, and enhanced since the year 1970 (Bonsor). The technology has advanced, making it more efficient, usable, and productive. RFID uses radio waves to transmit information from an RFID tag to an RFID reader. These radio waves are similar to those that are broadcast through wireless networks except are generally shorter range (What is RFID, n.d.).
The rest of this chapter is organized as follows: Firstly, we introduce the origins and history of BPM in section 2.1. Secondly, we present a number of basic BPM concepts, definitions, and terminologies in section 2.2. Thirdly, we show the relation- ship between BPMS and other systems or applications, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Groupware Systems or Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), and Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) in section
frequency carrier while the user is moving within a telephone service area. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications, business applications, gaming, and photography. Cell Phones which offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. Cell Phones are now a way of life in the generation we live in and call home today, and cell phones have changed and benefited our world. By means of texting , making calls, gaming applications, saving people’s lives , helping people while
A cashless society will further improve the globalisation that characterise our present time. The computerised systems can be used to decrease the quantity of paper trail therefore substituting paper cash with cashless credits or electronic money transfers. However, in a cashless economy, this will change with certain crimes almost eradicated. It will also be faster to generate electronic payments than cash as Near Field Communications (NFC) chips make their way into more payments cards and mobile handsets as well providing protection not applicable to purchases made using cash. This technology is simple with low power wireless link evolved from radio-frequency identification (RFID) tech that can transfer small amounts of data between two devices identifying us and our bank account to a computer. Another benefit of drawing nearer to a cashless society is that other companies are providing pioneering cash-free solutions to the payment related problems we come across. For example, WisePay, a provider of e-payments services, is deploying technologies that ensure parents no longer have to worry about sending their children to school with cash to pay for meals, excursions and other fees that will eliminate the likelihood of being caught short for cash or children misplacing money. The Government also has valuable explanations why they may deem to turn away from cash. Due the main factor of printing and distributing cash, not to mention ensuring the economy is free from forgeries which are all costly endeavours estimating that the cost to society of using cash is between 0.5 and 1.5% of GDP annually. In addition, there are many technological innovations that propose there is a real enthusiasm for an alternative to cash with the upsurge...
E-Commerce is a type of industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. It also includes ‘M-commerce’ which makes use of various mobile devices or smart phones. It means "the delivery of e-commerce capabilities directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, via wireless technology.” The various services available on M-Commerce are Mobile Money Transfer, Mobile ATM, Mobile ticketing, Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards, News, Stock Quotes, shopping apps, Mobile brokerage etc. Launching of Google Wallet Mobile App is one of the recent developments.
The first online banking system was created in 1980 in New York, and was adopted by four main banks; Citibank, Chemical, Manufacturers Hanover and Chase Manhattan. The sector needed an innovation in banking systems because of growing consumer demand for service improvements as well as fear of losing market share. In the beginning, online banking was treated at private customers and small companies, to help customers have easier access to their bank accounts, however, now it achieves a global reach through the population. (Cronin 1997) In today’s world, electronic business (E-business) is very important especially for the banking system, plays a fundamental role in online banking (Nasri 2011). A true definition of online banking is difficult, because this system is connecting with different services which are constantly evolving. Access to online banking is possible through the internet, phone or even television. (Daniel, 1999; Mols, 1998). This ‘open system’ is available to the customers twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. This is a multi-level organized system, which helps people pay bills, check credit cards or even arrange mortgages without leave their houses. (Singer 2012)