The top-down strategy GSDA followed until 2000 called upon to change the mandate to GW management creating participatory mechanisms. GSDA became bound to involve community in GW management including stakeholders at all levels of the social structure.
A participatory approach is seen as viable means for achieving long lasting consensus and management of resources. Participation is about taking responsibility, recognizing the effect of sectoral action on other users and accepting need for change to improve the efficiency and allow sustainable development of resources(TAC, GWP 2000: 15).
Chapter 5
GSDA Phase III -– Participatory Mode
(Year 2000 onwards)
A few discrepancies of the last 50 years of water resource development and management in the State brought about certain critical challenges requiring immediate attention. The winds of change accommodating participatory approach, that have swept organisations across the world, reached GoM in 2000 when it adopted the sector reform approach in Water Supply and Sanitation Sector. Current chapter discusses in detail the process and challenges GSDA faced in ultimately accommodating participatory approach.
To face new challenges of sector reform and ensure the future welfare of its entire people, State planned to create a new institutional arrangement at various levels to guide and regulate water resources management, to decentralize the responsibility for water resources planning, development, management, and operation and maintenance functions. Various committee reports also recommended community participation in GSDA’s arena.
Katti Committee (1986) gave stress on community based water budgeting whereas Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission (19...
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...or the scrutiny.
This would be a new era in GW management. GSDA’s role will be very crucial. The organisation took tremendous efforts in making the draft bill. It organised many workshops to interact with NGOs and experts on this issue. It had several meetings with Principle Secretary and Law Department. As a Director of GSDA during that period, I had an opportunity to work hard in this matter and I am witness to the entire process of policymaking.
GSDA needs appropriate political and bureaucratic support to perform the new community oriented role. It needs to be strengthened bureaucratically by creating a separate wing to look after these participatory activities. Then only it will pave the way for sustainable management of precious natural resource. The role and arrangement of organisation that has been modified since its formation is depicted in figure 2.
In conclusion, this work has evaluated several solutions of the water shortage in China: water usage efficiency improvement, adopting the local agencies on controlling water resources and reasonable water pricing. It has been revealed that all of proposed solutions might be effective, but they should be properly applied and, probably, their combining can contribute to the combating the water scarcity in China. However, some of other solutions should have been evaluated, such as water recycling, and this work might become a base for further studies.
...lk about projects such as these two,we must bear in mind that there are relatively great chances for the government to atleast have awareness of the underlying practices and situation. If we use the alternatives, it will incur cost but it will let go of the sacrifices and compromises poverty stricken nations have to pay. On the stakeholders i.e. the general masses it will be beneficial as they will be paid for their work in legal framework and will be provided water products in the market (Me, 2014).
Despite the abundance of water resources, the government at all levels (federal, state and local) have been unable to successfully harness these water resources to ensure sustainable and equitable access to adequate, safe, and affordable water and sanitation for its population. This is an example of economic water scarcity as the region has adequate water resources to cope with demands yet due to lack of infrastructure created by the government, there is an inadequate supply of freshwater for the population and this causes many problems such as disease due to lack of sanitation, poverty and
The need for public participation is emphasised on the Agenda 21. The most important prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable development is participation in decision making. The need for the civil society to participate on environmental impact assessment procedures is fundamental and to also participate in decision making that will affect the community in which they reside in. people also have the right to receive prior notice of environmental risks and the right to affective remedy where the environmental damage has been
Sustainability is a concept with a diverse array of meanings and definitions – a widely used glamorous, ambiguous, ambivalent and vague concept that is used by different stakeholder groups in various ways. Presumably to avoid noodling over a terminology or to avoid the confrontation with a definition, most widely the concept is broken down a planning process (c.f. e.g. Döring & Muraca, 2010). That is why most common sustainability is understood as sustainable development.1
Sandstrom, Crona & Bodin (2014) discuss that the concept of co-management has received much attention in recent years, especially in the policy arena and has many arguments speak in favour of it. One of its promises is enhanced possibilities for learning, and efficient conflict resolution methods (Sandstrom, Crona, & Bodin, 2014). Co-management is also argued to increase legitimacy, which is known as the foundation for successful governance (Sandstrom, Crona, & Bodin, 2014). Legitimacy denotes the fairness, and rightfulness of power relations and is a key concept in the study of institutions and natural resources (Sandstrom, Crona, & Bodin, 2014). Maclean, Robinson & Natcher (2015) discuss that building a consensus for better participation in natural resource management brings about effective institutional change. Kooiman (2003) defines co-governance as utilizing organised forms of interactions within society for governance purposes. It is a term that enables the civil society becoming active within the public arena and forming networks with the local government (Tsujinaka, Ahmed, & Kobashi, 2013). Co-governance introduces a relationship between government and society, which Hinssen & Van Der Schans (1994) argue is an extremely effective form of
Today, Participatory governance has become the buzzword of the society. People – the stakeholders of democracy are ready to participate with government functionaries for delivering the services and it is part of World Bank theme of good governance as it calls for people’s participation in every aspect of government the elements of good governance are given as, The United Nations emphasizes reform through human development
Naren Prasad (2006), Privatization Results: Private sector participation in water services after 15 years. Development policy review, 24(6):669-692.
Enserink, Connor D. and Croal P. 2006. Public Participation International Best Practice Principles. Special Publication Series No. 4. Fargo, USA: International Association for Impact Assessment.
Awortwi (1999) concurs with the above statement by noting that the involvement of people at the community level at an early stage is likely to improve design, and by giving the community a voice, better quality decisions and program more closely tied to the local needs will result .(Stohr1981) This increases the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity in development. The broad aim of participatory development is to increase the socially and economically marginalized peoples in decision making over their lives. Guijt
One main causes of water scarcity is water mismanagement worldwide. Water mismanagement has become a crisis of governance that will impact heavily ...
...r all the decision. Reconciliation of interest, resolving personal conflicts, mutual support and information sharing will require the development of transparent and inclusive process. The agreement among all the stakeholders will help in building the proper policies and regulation with the interest of social and environmental issues.
Participation can be seen as “the inclusion of a diverse range of stakeholder contributions in an on-going community development process, from identification of problem areas, to the development, implementation and management of strategic planning” (Schafft and Greenwood, 2003, p. 19).
Government as the highest institutional department also needs to support this program. Giving a full attention and strict organize can be a good way to control the quality of the village’s development.
There are different views on good governance agenda among proponents and opponents of the idea. Proponents of good governance see it as a worthy goal not only in and of itself, but also as a means through which to impact a variety of other outcomes, particularly economic growth and development (Gisselquist, 2012). Whereas, the opponents on the other side argue that the use of governance criteria in the allocation of foreign aid effectively introduces political conditionality and imposes Western liberal models of democracy (Ibid). Opposed to the argument there is a widespread consensus that good governance is a necessary ingredient of sustainable development. Owing to this, nations in the world including Ethiopia, regardless of their political ideology, economic development and other factors are striving to ensure good governance.