Nykki Davidson
3/24/2014
1500 Word Essay
Mr. Henthorn
“A Nation in Transition”
In the book, “A Nation in Transition”, author Michael W. Lovegrove tells the life of Douglas Henry Johnston and his many accomplishments. Johnston was born on October 13, 1857 in Skullyville, Oklahoma. Growing up, Johnston lived along the South Canadian River. They moved once the Civil War started. Johnston’s family moved to Blue, Oklahoma, which is located in Bryan County in Southern Oklahoma. Soon after moving to Blue, Johnston’s parents both passed away. This left his half brother, Teddy Walker, to take care of him. He got his education at Tishomingo and at the Bloomfield Academy. After finishing school, Johnston worked as a farmer and a Stockman. In 1881, Johnston married his first wife Nellie Bynum.
A few years later, Johnston was made the Superintendent of Bloomfield Academy. During his marriage, Nellie gave birth to two sons. She ended up dying in 1886, after only five short years of marriage. Johnston remarried in 1889 to a woman named Lorena “Betty” Harper. A short time after marrying, they had a daughter. Early in 1896, Bloomfield Academy was destroyed by a fire. Johnston spent two years rebuilding the Bloomfield. It was then, in 1889, that Johnston’s line of work drastically changed. He went from being an educator to a politician. Johnston presided as Indian Chief executive from the year 1898 to 1902. He was re-elected in 1904.
Johnston served as Indian Chief executive longer than anyone in the history of Oklahoma. Johnston was selected as a candidate for the Chickasaw governor by the Chickasaw National Party. Although his opponents had much more experience, Johnston had a huge victory. While in office, Johnston’s opponents tried ...
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...fort that should be recognized in the highest extent. Today the Chickasaws live a life, which back then no one could have ever imagined. The life Michael W. Lovegrove retold of Douglas Henry Johnston in his book was extraordinary. It made me have a new respect for the Indians and their strong beliefs. The struggle the Chickasaws, along with other several tribes, suffered was unimaginable. It is astonishing how cruel the federal government was to the tribes. It was almost as if taking their money behind their back was not enough, they also had no interest in helping them do achieve a better quality of life without Johnston’s consistent negotiating and fighting. This book also made me realize that we do not have the defensive governors like Johnston once was. If we had more people like him, who defended his people, our Nation would not be the absolute mess that it is.
“The Wilderness”. Saving America’s Civil War Battlefields: Civil War Trust. Civil War Trust. 2013. Web. 3 March 2014.
When the Europeans first migrated to America, they didn’t know much about the ancestral background of the different types of the Indian tribes that were settled in Virginia and along the East Coast. Many of the Indian tribes became hostile towards the colonist because the colonists were interfering with their way of life. This lead the natives to attempt to destroy the frontier settlements. Many forts in this area were erected to protect the settlers and their families. One the historical land...
Correspondence of John C. Calhoun. J. Franklin Jameson, ed. Annual Report of the American Historical Association 1899. II. 1900.
And that in itself is deserving of merit. The book also has its flaws. From my perspective, Remini could have incorporated primary sources from chieftains, as well as Indian administrators, within the text to give the added opposing perspective of Jackson. Albeit, Remini incorporates quotes from Chieftains, many come from secondary sources (e.g., General Coffee or John Eaton’s accounts of correspondences with Indians). Although Remini claims not to be exonerating Jackson, he makes the case that Jackson did what he thought was the only realistic measure to saves the Indians of the southeast and western frontier from “annihilation” (244). From Jackson’s perspective, he believed he had done the Indians a “great service” (246). History would prove the inverse to be
Tecumseh ,Shawnee war chief, was born at Old Piqua, on the Mad River in western Ohio. In 1774, his father, Puckeshinwa, was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant, and in 1779 his mother, Methoataske, accompanied those Shawnees who migrated to Missouri, later died. Raised by an older sister, Tecumpease, Tecumseh would play war games with other fellow youths in his tribe. Tecumseh accompanied an older brother, Chiksika, on a series of raids against frontier settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee in the late 1780’s. Chiksika had a vision that he would not survive the battle at Buchanan’s station he went ahead as plan and attacked the stockade and was mortally wounded and was carried from the battle field and the dying warrior asked not to be buried but to be placed on a hill. Tecumseh and the other’s retreated back to a Cherokee village where most went back to Ohio while Tecumseh and some other warriors stayed behind. After that Tecumseh went on mostly hunting but occasionally attacking settler’s. After that moved back towards home and come to find out that the Shawnee’s had moved on to where it’s much safer. The battle of Fallen Timber’s broke confidence in British assistance as well as many casualties. Pissed off by the Indian defeat, he refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville (1795). In the 1800’s Tecumseh began to show signs of a prominent war chief. He led a group of yong Indian warriors to a village on the White River in east-central Indiana. There in 1805 Lalawethika ex...
Lakota Woman Essay In Lakota Woman, Mary Crow Dog argues that in the 1970’s, the American Indian Movement used protests and militancy to improve their visibility in mainstream Anglo American society in an effort to secure sovereignty for all "full blood" American Indians in spite of generational gender, power, and financial conflicts on the reservations. When reading this book, one can see that this is indeed the case. The struggles these people underwent in their daily lives on the reservation eventually became too much, and the American Indian Movement was born. AIM, as we will see through several examples, made their case known to the people of the United States, and militancy ultimately became necessary in order to do so.
Kennedy, Richard S. http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-00394.html; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Sun Mar 18 12:31:47 2001 Copgyright © 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Publish by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Native American literature from the Southeastern United States is deeply rooted in the oral traditions of the various tribes that have historically called that region home. While the tribes most integrally associated with the Southeastern U.S. in the American popular mind--the FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole)--were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) from their ancestral territories in the American South, descendents of those tribes have created compelling literary works that have kept alive their tribal identities and histories by incorporating traditional themes and narrative elements. While reflecting profound awareness of the value of the Native American past, these literary works have also revealed knowing perspectives on the meaning of the modern world in the lives of contemporary Native Americans.
Ward Churchill is Creek-Cherokee, a member of Keetoowah Band Cherokee, and was born on October 2, 1947. In addition to being a professor of ethnic studies of American Indian studies at the University of Colorado, Churchill serves as a co-director of the Colorado chapter of AIM and vice chairman of the American Indian Anti-Defamation Council. Not only was Churchill a past national spokesperson for the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee, he is also a prolific writer on issues affecting indigenous people and has written numerous articles and books including Indians Are Us?, Since Predator Came, Marxism and Native Americans and From A Native Son.
General Scott discouraged his 7,000-ish soldiers to “show every possible kindness to the Cherokee, and to immediately arrest any soldier inflicting a wanton in jury or insult on any Cherokee man, woman, or child.” The article continues to clarify the plan of splitting the Military Districts into three regions. Each district will be directed by high-ranking generals to be in charge of the soldiers vacating the Native Americans. General Scott continues with a list of the boundaries of each zone, what general is going to be in charge, and the main post for each
Ellis, Jerry. Walking the Trail: One Man's Journey along the Cherokee Trail of Tears. New
Like many Native American Tribes, the Cherokee were systematically suppressed, robbed, dispossessed, and forced out of their ancestral homelands by Americans. This topic has become really difficult and uncomfortable to talk about for no reason other than embarrassment. We, as Americans, are mortified that our own country would partake in the act of forcibly removing a culture from it’s home. We are mortified that we let this become a socially acceptable way to treat Native Americans; but mostly, we are mortified that we conned the Cherokee Natives into signing an unlawful treaty that forced them to leave their Georgia homeland and move west via the Trail of Tears. The novel, The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears, written by Theda Perdue
Unconcerned about the legitimacy of their actions, European colonisers took lands unjustifiably from indigenous people and put original inhabitants who had lived on the land for centuries in misery. The United States also shared similarities in dealing with native people like its distant friends in Europe. Besides the cession of vast lands, the federal government of the United States showed no pity, nor repentance for the poor Cherokee people. Theda Perdue, the author of “Cherokee Women and Trail of Tears,” unfolds the scroll of history of Cherokee nation’s resistance against the United States by analyzing the character of women in the society, criticizes that American government traumatized Cherokee nation and devastated the social order of
Charles Alexander Eastman was born Ohiyesa, a Santee Sioux. He is believed to have been born near Redwood Falls, Minnesota, on February 19, 1858. His paternal grandmother, Uncheedah, was responsible for his upbringing after his mother’s death due to complications during childbirth. Uncheedah presented him with tradition Sioux teachings. Following the Great Sioux Uprising of 1862, Ohiyesa and other Santee Sioux were exiled to Manitoba. In Eastman’s Indian Boyhood, he fondly recalls these times of living freely and peacefully by saying, “What boy would not be an Indian for a while when he thinks of the freest life in the world?”
Remini, Robert V. The Legacy of Andrew Jackson: Essays on Democracy, Indian Removal, and Slavery. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1988.