1. INTRODUCTION
➢ As we all know many older structures are available all over the world. But there are many concrete structures which have to be repair due public use. There are many structures which are willing to die due to older structure or some new structure which has less strength. So repair or rehabilitation process has to be done in the structure to increase the strength of the structure.
➢ The main purpose is to study the methodology of repair and rehabilitation. These are structure which required more strength due to earthquake resistance so to study the concrete structure and to give extra strength. i.e.: internally or externally. 2. PROBLEM SUMMMARY:
➢ The strengthening of concrete can be done various methods such as bonding
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➢ It is more economical than the construct of new structure.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW :
4.1 WHAT IS THE RETROFITTING & REHABILITATION?
➢ Retrofitting is relevant to 'restored' as well as existing undamaged buildings which are other-wise weak against earthquake forces likely to occur in future according to Indian Standard Building Codes.
➢ Retrofitting is the process of modifying something after it has been manufactured.
➢ Actions for upgrading the seismic restoring of an existing building. So that if becomes safer under the recurrence of likely future earthquakes.
➢ It is the method of strengthening of the already built damaged/undamaged old/new structures those are found to be weak in earthquake loadings that may occur in future. Modifying existing structures with additional or new components or members.
4.2 WHEN RETROFITTING & REHABILITATION ARE REQUIRED?
➢ The need to rehabilitate a structure may arise at any time from the beginning of the construction phase until the end of the service life. During the construction phase, it may occur because of
- Design error - Deficient concrete production - Bad execution
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To increase shear strength by transverse fibrereinforcement.
3. To increase flexural strength by longitudinalfibre reinforcement provided.
4.5.1.1 Jacketing of Columns:
➢ Jacketing of columns consists of added concrete with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement around the existing columns. This type of strengthening improves the axial and shears strength of columns while the flexural strength of column and strength of the beam-column joints remain the same. It is also observed that the jacketing of columns is not successful for improving the ductility.
➢ A major advantage of column jacketing is that it improves the lateral load capacity of the building in a reasonably uniform and distributed way and hence avoiding the concentration of stiffness as in the case of shear walls.
➢ This is how major strengthening of foundations may be avoided. In addition the original function of the building can be maintained, as there are no major changes in the original geometry of the building with this technique. The jacketing of columns is generally carried out by two methods:
(i) Reinforced concrete jacketing
(ii) Steel jacketing.
4.5.1.1.1 REINFORCED CONCRETE:
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The validity of retrofitting suds howerever is dependant on land availability, in piticular on high density urban developments where space is limited.
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Reinforced concrete is stronger than basic concrete. Steel reinforcing bars known as rebar is incorporated in the concrete structure to act together in resisting the force. The steel reinforcing bars absorbs tensile and compression because plain conc...
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Restoring and Improving Urban Infrastructure - Engineering Challenges. " EngineeringChallenges.org -. National Academy of Science, 2012. Web. The Web.