Analysis of the article “A Faded Bedtime with Response Cost Protocol for Treatment of Multiple Sleep Problems in Children” by Cathleen C. Piazza and Wayne Fisher
The article in analysis was published in Spring of 1991 by Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, it talks about the difficulty of falling asleep or waking up in the middle of the night that happen to about 20-30% of children from 1 year to 4 years. Most children in this age group suffer from both problems.
These problems are not only common and problematic for parents, but if they are not treated they persist and can continue for over 3 years (Piazza & Fisher, 1991).
Some treatments include door closing, fading, reinforcement and relaxation and contingency contracting (Piazza & Fisher, 1991).
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Parents indicated that supervision was necessary during nighttime awakenings.
All individuals were free of any medication for the two weeks prior to treatment and also during treatment (Piazza & Fisher, 1991).
Patients are 3-year-old Ann, 4-year-old Mat, 13-year-old Abe and 19-year-old Deb.
Mat presents a delayed sleep onset, night awakenings, and he gets out of bed frequently. This is considered a dangerous behaviour since he jumps out of bed regardless of whether there are any dangerous objects. During the night, he has destructive and distracting behaviour. Some drugs have been administered to prevent the problem, but they have not been successful (Piazza & Fisher, 1991).
As for Ann, she presents a delayed sleep onset, night awakenings and she sleeps during the day. At night, when she wakes up, she engaged in self-injury behaviour. Ann also took the same drugs as Mat, without success (Piazza & Fisher, 1991).
Deb has very variable sleep intervals, during the day she sleeps often, and she is engaged in self-injury behaviour during nighttime and early wakings. She also took medications with limited
Each year at least 40 million Americans suffer from long term, persistent sleep disorders, and an additional 20 million experience occasional sleeping problems. About 60 million Americans a year have insomnia and it tends to increase with age and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men. It is estimated that 18 million Americas are suffering from sleep apnea, 12 million have RLS, and 250,000 are affected by narcolepsy. Adults typically need between 6 and 10 hours of sleep per 24 hour period, and most people need approximately 8 hours of sleep per day. Infants generally need about 16 hours per day; whereas, teenagers require 9 hours on average. In the first 3 months of...
“The Sleep” by Caitlin Horrocks is a short story, written in the first person. In this short story the Rasmussen family lives in a small town called Bounty, which seems to be someplace that is very dark and cold in the winter season, most likely someplace north. The Rasmussen family are going through hard times with the sudden death and the tragic loss of Al’s wife and their children’s mother. The family decides to take the winter season off from work and school in order to sleep, Al seem to believe that this will help heal the family. The people of Bounty see how well the sleep worked for the Rasmussen family, so some of them decide to do the same thing the next winter season. People usually sleep when they are depressed, the
Chronic sleep loss is becoming more common in modern culture and less restricted to sleep-deprived diseases such as insomnia. Suggested to be the result of a number car, industrial, medical, and other occupational accidents, sleep deprivation is beginning to be recognized as a public concern. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control
For centuries, adults and children alike have been afraid to go to bed at night. The
Millions of people suffer from the same tossing and turning every which way, getting their sheets all disarranged and their minds abundantly worse. Patients often report indications of insomnia while sitting in the family health clinic. Insomnia traits include hindrance, falling asleep, continuing to awaken, and rejuvenating before wanted. One may suffer from insomnia if one shows signs of an increased difficulty in attentiveness, decreased communal or scholastic skills, and a diminished mood or enthusiasm. Foldvary-Schaefer 111.
Hirshkowitz, M., & Smith, P. B. (2004). Sleep disorders for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub.
Sleepiness, whether due to sleep apnea, heavy snoring, idiopathic hypersomnolence, narcolepsy or insomnia from any number of sleep-related disorders, threatens millions of Americans' health and economic security (1). Perhaps somewhat most concerning of these disorders are those that allow sleep without having any control over when it happens-idiopathic hypersomnolence and narcolepsy. The two are closely related in that both cause individuals to fall asleep without such control, yet narcolepsy occurs without any dreaming during naps (2). For years, narcoleptic people have been falling asleep in corners, concerned, as they have given numerous attempts to try to stay focused and awake. But besides the excessive fatigue that people experience, there surely must be more that can be associated with causing such sleepiness among people at an uncontrolled level. There might especially not be a reason involving the I-function of the brain, as people are not aware of when necessarily they will fall into their deep sleep.
The Napping House (1984) is a children’s book that illustrates an interesting story about a family and their journey into attempting to get to sleep. Each page a new person or animal piles onto the last person. It starts with a bed in the house, then a granny, then child and so on. As the story builds suspense, the additions continue to decrease in size finishing with a tiny flea. Amazingly enough, the flea creates an amazing ripple effect by biting the mouse and the mouse is startled to say the least. The disruption startles the cat, which effects the dog and then the child and granny. Chaos erupts and everyone and thing that was piled on the bed is in the air with smiles on their faces. When the dust settles everyone is awake and the day
Carl Zimmer’s “The Purpose of Sleep? To Forget, Scientists Say” is a persuasive scientific piece in which Zimmer uses different lab experiment results to support scientists’ claim that the purpose of sleep is to forget, hence the article’s title. Zimmer’s target audience is science enthusiast and Zimmer is effective in addressing this group of audience by utilizing scientific terms as well as triggering the audience’s thought process. Although Zimmer uses credible lab experiments to support his persuasive argument, his article is still lackluster because he fails to elaborate his supporting points and connect them back to the main argument. It is quite clear that Zimmer is effective in addressing his target audience which are science enthusiasts.
Ohayon, M.M., Caulet, M., Priest, R.G. (1997) Violent Behavior During Sleep New Jersey: J Clin Psychiatry
Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects of menopause have been studied to determine their effects on sleep. Various treatments have been utilized ranging from non-pharmacologic to pharmacologic methods. Scientist have pinpointed areas of the brain that are involved in sleep deprivation and hormones that ultimately affect sleep.
"Common Sleep Problems." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Mary L. Gavin. The Nemours Foundation, 01 Jan. 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2014.
Dr. Steven Feinsilver, the director of the Center for Sleep Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine in New York City, described the mental effects of sleep deprivation as causing "tremendous emotional problems" and that it has been used for torture (Mann, Jeff). The director of the Unit for Experimental Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, psychology professor David Dinges, said that people who are not getting enough sleep can receive physical and mental damages. This has been shown in many research results over the past years. Meanwhile, he also has a similar opinion to Dr. Feinsilver: depriving one's sleep on purpose is very inhumane, considering the serious emotional damage of sleep deprivation. Research shows that while being sleep deprived our brain does not function and cognize correctly. It can be hard for people with a lack of sleep to recognize other people's emotions, which might cause many unnecessary problems such as arguments and misunderstandings that could affect people's social relationships. People in a condition of lack of sleep don't show a positive look on their faces, either. They may also make mistakes in recognizing other people’s facial expressions. Other people's neutral face may seem negative to a sleep deprived person while their happy face may seem neutral (“Sleep and Mood”, Mann, Jeff, Miller Sarah G. , “What Are Sleep
Important public policy issues have arisen in our modern 24-hour society, where it is crucial to weigh the value of sleep versus wakefulness. Scientific knowledge about sleep is currently insufficient to resolve the political and academic debates raging about how much and when people should sleep. These issues affect almost everybody, from the shift worker to the international traveler, from the physician to the policy maker, from the anthropologist to the student preparing for an exam.
Wells, M., & Vaughn, B. V. (2012). Poor Sleep Challenging the Health of a Nation. Neurodiagnostic Journal,52(3), 233-249.