ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I would like to thank Madam Aziyan for giving me guidance and advise in preparing for this case study. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Miss Lai LeeLee for giving me further instruction on completing this assignment.
Secondly, I also appreciate the participation of the patient, Mrs. K and the family members for sharing their time to be interviewed as well as the staff nurses for guiding me in caring for the patient in the ward.
Lastly, I would like to thank all of my friends for providing encouragement throughout the development of this case study. Thank you for sharing so many of your resources and supporting me.
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF DISEASE
Lymphomas are malignancies of lymphoid tissue. It is the most common blood cancer. Lymphomas commonly are identified as Hodgkin’s disease or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It is one type of cancer of B-cells. Sometimes it described as an indolent lymphoma because it usually develops slowly.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Biologically, Follicular Lymphoma represents the neoplastic equivalent of the normal germinal center (GC) reaction, recapitulating the cellular composition of reactive follicles. Neoplastic follicles are composed of constituents of the reactive germinal center, centroblasts and centrocytes, albeit with varying and abnormal ratios. A lymph node infiltrate of Folicullar Lymphoma consists of closely packed atypical neoplastic follicles that, in contrast to the normal germinal center, are only vaguely separated from the surrounding T-zone area. In some cases, the characteristic follicular pattern is lost either in the early phase of the disea...
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... include enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin, as well as fatigue, shortness of breath, night sweats, and weight loss. Often, people with Follicular Lymphoma have no obvious symptoms of the disease at diagnosis. About 30 to 40 percent of patients with Follicular Lymphoma will eventually develop a transformed lymphoma, which is often more aggressive and usually treated with high-dose of chemotherapy along with an autologous stem cell transplant.
Generally, patient is in a stable condition and can move with assistance. The chemotherapy is still continuing even though she felt upset about the side effect of the therapy that she experience. She has a thought to stop chemotherapy. However, the doctor advice her to continue the therapy as the disease may change from lower grade to higher grade of cancer.
REFERENCES
Lymphoid tissue is made up of cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that fights infection. There are 2 major types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). Normal T cells and B cells have different jobs. But because all the importance of these cells they can travel around the body spreading the cancerous cells. There are four stages for Hodgkin’s lymphoma when testing is completed the doctors can determine what stage the cancer is at and what treatment will be best suited to fighting the disease.
We would also like to thank my wife's parents for all their efforts in organizing today. Their support has been invaluable, advice sound, and check-book largely available. I'd pe...
Hodgkin 's Lymphoma occurs when following a mutation in the lymphocyte DNA. The mutation occurs after birth, meaning that Hodgkin’s disease is not hereditary. The mutated DNA can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cancerous lymphocytes if untreated. The cancerous lymphocytes produce tumor masses in the lymph
On Sunday, a nurse on a medical/surgical floor in a large private hospital is assigned as the primary nurse to a woman who was just admitted. The woman’s testing begins on Monday and the primary nurse does not have work for the next few days. The nurse returns on Saturday and goes over the woman’s charts. The nurse discovers that the woman has chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is being treated for the disease. After approaching the woman the nurse realizes that the woman is unaware of her diagnoses as she asks the nurse when she will be able to return to work. The nurse explains that she has not yet spoken with the physician and will get back to her once she has done so. On your way back to the nurses' station, one of the woman's two daughters approaches the nurse and urges the nurse to assure her mother that there is no reason for concern. The daughter explains that her mother has just been through a painful divorce and
I would like to thank all of you for coming here today to help us, as a family, to heal, and to celebrate my mother’s life.
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) is the worlds largest non-profit organization which funds blood cancer research and providing patient services and education. The LLS mission is to cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma and to improve quality of patients and there families. This is done by discovering new cures and making blood cancers a story of the past.The organizations national office is located in White Plains, NY. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society has local chapters through out the United States and Canada.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): AML affects myeloid cells and grows quickly. More common in adults.
In module four, it is made evident that “any medical treatment that is not essential to the comfort of the dying patient may be withheld or withdrawn” (ELNEC, 2014). In Sybil’s case, her cancer was recurring, meaning she had already received care for her breast cancer. She was in remission. Since her husband stated that her cancer was “not looking good,” we can infer that it has now metastasized. This means that her cancer has returned and now spread. At this point, her chance of re-entering into remission is not likely. Thus, we as the audience understand that she has accepted her mortality and any further chemotherapy or treatment would be considered medically futile. As mentioned prior, the mortality of her breast cancer recurrence was accepted and they were no longer doing anything to treat it. If Sybil and her family had attempted at an aggressive treatment plan for this recurrence, it would be very unlikely that she would have a good outcome. Thus, any possible treatment for her cancer would only promote suffering and not
Cancer patients often wonder if going through treatments like chemotherapy and radiation are worth the risk of the side effects, in addition to the cancerous side effects. They feel that they can’t enjoy or relax in what a short amount of time they have left because they are bedridden from the nausea and pain that treatments put them through. Patients tell their loved ones to just let them die so long as they don’t have to go through any more pain. Those who are too old, are unable to recover from the effects, or are just too far in the grips of cancer, should refuse the more harsh treatments like chemo and radiation. On the positive side, refusing treatments after a certain point can save their families from the stress and cost of hospital bills. If caught early enough, patients can opt for safer and easier routes to getting rid of cancer like surgery or by doing a stem cell transplant.
Good afternoon, let me just start by saying that the kindness, support, friendship, and love extended to me and my family during this difficult time has really touched my heart- we are sincerely appreciative!
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center states the disease is divided into two major types namely acute and chronic. The acute types of the disease are those that progress quickly and involve an overgrowth of very immature blood cells. This becomes life threatening because very few mature cells mean that the body loses its ability to prevent infection, anemia and bleeding disorders. A diagnosis of the acute type is given when the immature cells found account for 20% or more of the blood cells produced. The chronic type progress slowly and involves an overgrowth of mature blood cells. In contract to the acute type people affect by this type usually h...
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
Withdrawing Treatment, where like you stop the machine which is keeping the person alive or
...e the cancer and look for the positives in the prognosis and treatment find encouragement for the future. There are various models and theories such as health belief model that are used to explain ones belief on risks and associated risks of a chronic illness and then there are theories such as Crisis theory when dealing with shock when diagnosed with a chronic illness and gate control theory when looking at pain and the psychological issues around dealing with pain. However even with various theories and models trying to explain crisis, pain and compliance to treatment the outcome and understanding and ultimately the way an individual deals with a chronic illness such a breast cancer falls very much down to self-efficacy and the belief the individual holds towards the illness itself the attitude and perception in the outcome of the illness, treatment and beyond.
Aside from the prepared research questions, the researchers also asked Ms. Bernadette Dimaculangan, area chair of NSTP of DLSL, other questions related to the topic of the research. The other questions and Dimaculangan’s corresponding answers are listed in Table 6 below.