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World war biological warfare
World war biological warfare
World war biological warfare
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The definition of the bioterrorism are refers to the people who release of the bacteria, virus and other microorganisms on purposes which known as biological agents, the purposes is to let human, animal or plant pathogenic death. Formulation is substantially derived from nature, but is likely to be cultured to produce some changes to make it enhanced pathogenic, access to existing pharmaceutical resistance or the ability to increase the spread in the environment. Bioterrorism the word comes from bio- and terrorism. Bio- is a combining form meaning “life,” “living organism,” “biology”. English "terror " the word comes from the Latin verb "terrere", which mean " fear ". Use biological agents as a weapon against opponents this concept can be traced back to much earlier in the 19th century to produce pathogenic bacteria theory before Roman, Greek and Persian civilization era and the Middle Ages. At that time people was thought the foul odor was spread of disease, they thrown the corrupt fetid carcasses into the water, attempting through contaminated drinking water system and lead to other opponents of illness, the twelfth century Italians Barbarossa contaminated the drinking water sources with human corrupt corpses. And this old method used until the American Civil War. In 19th century, the biological warfare was become more general. During World War II, some countries began more interest in biological warfare research program. Japan command biological weapons research from 1932 until the end of World War II. They used prisoners who caught in the war for an experiment and many of these prisoners died as a direct effect of experimental inoculation of agents causing gas gangrene, dysentery, anthrax, cholera, meningococcal infection ... ... middle of paper ... ...ork, strengthening routine health emergency preparedness, early warning and rapid improve forecasting ability to deal effectively promote live epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing skills enhancement. If humans overcome the virus make us proud, then history of human use viral internecine let human shame. When humans began grasp a lot to knowledge of pathogenic viruses and bacteria and the evil people also begun to think of using viruses and bacteria as a tool to kill people. War breeds evil of mankind, but also nourish a lot of evil tool. Used bacteria and viruses as a weapon of war , although has been banned by the International Convention on the use virus and bacteria of the subject in the war, but the terrorists and will not be bound. The world began to realize that biological warfare is prohibited does not mean that bioterrorism is prohibited.
Guillemin, J. (2005). Biological weapons: From the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism Columbia University Press.
The viruses are spread in many different ways in the novel, but all are due to human mistakes. One of the most common forms of errors found in the medical field is the recycling of soiled equipment. The repeated use of dirty medical equipment is found commonly in the poor regions of the world where resources are limited and fundings are bound. This is an example of the errors the human race performs that lead to disaster.
Though biological weapons have been available for under a century, there is a long history of their use between 1914 and 1972. Chemical warfare was first introduced in 1914 at the beginning of World War I. Because of the new style of warfare with automatic weapons, trenches were dug out from the ground to defend against a slaughter. The introduction of this issue caused us to invent weapons such as the grenade, flame thrower, and finally, biological weapons. Biological weapons were distributed by hoses, grenades, and aerial attacks. By doing this, we eliminated many enemy trenches and saved a large amount of Ally lives. (Menace)
Chemical Warfare in WWI World War I was beginning to invent new ways to produce more casualties to the enemy’s force and reduce the probability of losing Soldiers from their own line of defense or offense. They did this by conducting extensive research in chemical warfare. At the same time, it will motivate the troops and win the hearts and minds of the people of their country if they had new ways of ending the war quickly. Chemical warfare affected tactics and techniques of warfare and almost changed the outcome of World War I. (LTG Carl E. Vuono) The French were the first to start experimenting on chemical agents in 1912.
Almost no one on Earth has any immunity at all to this virus, which makes ordinary vaccines useless against it. The sudden spread of the virus into Europe foreshadows an epidemic development that could be worldwide. Ultimately, there is no way to protect ourselves against epidemics. They will keep disappearing and coming back in new forms.
Publication of this can help us to develop better cures for the worst viruses. In addition, people will know how deadly it is, and if they get the virus, they will know what it is. On the other hand, Michael Specter gave an example of Clinton’s speech about bioterrorism. Hilarity Clinton says, “Evidence in Afghanistan. Al Queda in the Arabian Peninsula made a call to arms for – and I quote – ‘brothers with degrees in microbiology or chemistry to develop a weapon of mass destruction”.
enemy. It has been around for thousands of years, but in different forms. To take a case in point, the article, “History of Bioterrorism,” states that the Assyrians poisoned the well of their enemies with rye ergot in the 6th Century B.C. More recent examples of bioterrorism include the anthrax inhalation from received mail in 2001 (Office of The Surgeon General). Although these are only recorded acts, there is a whole other story to what should happen once a victim is diagnosed with any type of bioterrorism and what treatment they should undergo, if one exists. For example, the medical response and treatment are different for anthrax, smallpox and tularemia. The medical response and treatment depend on the severity of the case and the type of bioterrorism.
One of the most virulent strains of influenza in history ravaged the world and decimated the populations around the world. Present during World War I, the 1918 strain of pandemic influenza found many opportunities to spread through the war. At the time, science wasn’t advanced enough to study the virus, much less find a cure; medical personnel were helpless when it came to fighting the disease, and so the flu went on to infect millions and kill at a rate 25 times higher than the standard.
Even though it had killed millions of people, the influenza epidemic of 1918 had helped America gain a better understanding of contagious diseases. Works Cited http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/
Throughout the progression of mankind, there has always been a need to become superior in tactics and technology over an opponent. It did not take long for man to discover the effective and deadly tactic of Bioterrorism, which is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria or other germs used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. As time passes, everything about bioterrorism becomes more and more sophisticated, making it very difficult to combat with. By examining the history of bioterrorism, one can learn how military forces utilize this deadly weapon.
Ryan, Jeffrey R., and Jan F. Glarum. Biosecurity & Bioterrorism: Containing and Preventing Biological Threats. Oxford: Elsevier Inc., 2008.
Influenza, an innocent little virus that annually comes and goes, has always been a part of people’s lives. Knowing this, one would not believe that it has caused not one, not two, but three pandemics and is on its way to causing a fourth! The Spanish flu of 1918, the Asian flu of 1957, and the Hong Kong flu of 1968 each killed millions of people worldwide, causing mass terror. People were mad with fear, and for good reason, as friends, family, neighbors dropped dead like flies. And yet, as soon as the deaths ceased, the forgetfulness set in… until very few know about these pandemics. These pieces of history may have faded from memory, but with the upcoming threat of an avian flu which can jump from human to human, people must learn from the past to combat the future.
Illness has been a major part of humankind’s lives almost since the beginning of time. Throughout history, illnesses caused fatal epidemics that caused deaths between young and old, and brought fear upon all for the absence of a cure. Having an illness throughout most of history was considered an inevitable death sentence, as the majority of causes of death (Offit). Vaccinations have been experimented in China and Turkey in the 15th century, with methods such as inhaling or rubbing grounded up smallpox scabs against open cuts (Clem). Then in 1700s, the first form of modern vaccination was invented by Edward Jenner with the cowpox virus acting against smallpox, giving immunity against it (Offit).
The word terror dates back to the French Revolution. “A terrorist was, in its original meaning, a Jacobin who ruled France during la Terruer” (Moeller 20). Terrorism has clearly become much broader in the years since its origination. Since the concept was first birthed in France it has been used for separatist, nationalistic, political and religious ends, etc.
In conclusion, it is clear that a biological weapon is wrong. When Saddam Hussein threatened to turn the Persian Gulf War into “the mother of all wars” the world shook with the possible implications. The United States managed to divert the course of the war such as this did not happen. In other situation these results have not been as successful, unfortunately, and many people have suffered and died. I hope that civilization is moving towards total illumination of biological weaponry.