6PT, Six-Party Talks: Security Talks
analytical Essay
1973 words
Northeast Asia itself. It is a region with its own characteristics, traits, and drivers a region where four of the globe’s major powers converge and where six very different governments intersect, all with different expectations, different perceptions of security needs, and different capacities—and although there are valuable lessons to be learned, simply borrowing institutional templates and processes from other regions and other experiences will likely lead to functional or sustainable solutions in a Northeast Asian context. One of the key insights that emerged from the discussions was a sense that the mechanism best equipped to take on board the particular dynamics of the region and develop capable multilateral security architecture may well be the six¬party talks. Indeed, assuming continued forward momentum in the six¬party process for resolving the differences that separate the Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea (DPRK) from others in the region, there may be a particular challenge for institution building in transitioning from a six¬party process to a peace treaty signed by four parties back to a six¬party process for the creation of a regional security mechanism. There may be a temptation for all parties to celebrate a four¬party peace treaty, and forget that the six¬party process, as a process, also has value in itself. Indeed, one clear value of the six¬party process lies in its ability to generate legitimacy for the region, for diplomatic ententes in Northeast Asia, and for any security mechanism that may emerge. For example, as the process has gone forward the parties are increasingly invested in and have increasing faith in the ability of the six¬party process to throw off other efforts be they bi¬, tri¬, and...
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...security-building mechanism(CSBM).Examples include greater transparency in force modernization and enhanced coordination regarding non-traditional security threats. Finally, a Northeast Asian peace and security mechanism should be pursued in a way that is consistent with and conducive to progress on the North Korean nuclear problem.A charter of the NEAPSM emphasizing multilateral security cooperation and nonaggression could be used by North Korea to legitimize its nuclear-power status. As long as inter-Korean relations remain unstable, real peace and stability in the region will be remote.Tangible progress in inter-Korean relations should be the precondition to guaranteeing the stability of Northeast Asia.For South and North Korea, participation in such a multilateral security mechanism could contribute to establishing a solid peace regime on the Korean peninsula.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that borrowing institutional templates and processes from other regions will likely lead to functional or sustainable solutions in a northeast asian context.
- Asks how can we resolve the north korean nuclear problem so that the 6pt may be transformed into a multilateral peace and security mechanism.
- Explains that the 6pt on the north korean nuclear problem reached a significant agreement on september 19, 2005, bolstering the relevant parties’ hopes to resolve the nuclear program through rational dialogue and negotiation.
- Opines that multilateral efforts based on the 6pt should continue, although the u.s.-north korea bilateral efforts may be explored within the framework.
- Argues that the withdrawal of u.s. forces in korea will increase the potential for tension between korea and japan.
- Argues that south korea and the united states should develop a vision for the bilateral alliance based on the premise that the north korean nuclear problem is resolved.
- Proposes a comprehensive rok-u.s. security arrangement to address 21st century-type security matters, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, environmental destruction, illegal migration, and piracy.
- Explains that bilateral security arrangements will remain the backbone of northeast asian security for a considerable period of time. a northeast asia peace and security mechanism should take the following points into consideration.
- Opines that the northeast asian peace and security mechanism should be seen as a supplement rather than as an alternative to the system of bilateralism in the region.
- Argues that u.s. attention toward asia should be restored by expanding the security role of the asia-pacific economic cooperation forum or by participating in eas.
- Argues that china should create an image of championing eastasian regionalism, while japan should be reminded of former prime minister obuchi keizo's "human security diplomacy."
- Opines that northeast asia should strengthen a credible sub-regional confidence- and security-building mechanism. a charter of the neapsm emphasizes multilateral security cooperation and nonaggression.
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- North Korea and Chinese Relations: Impact of Lockeian Elements on US Foreign Policyopinionated essayThe realist worldview of North Korea characterizes North Korea as a coalesced form of belligerence that must be dealt with through American containment and deterrence. Because of the rising fear produced by North Korea’s growing nuclear power and radical behavior toward the U.S., realists support using threats and pressure to force North Korea to shut down its nuclear program if necessary. A realization of true realism would include recognizing diplomacy as the major means of coming to an accord with North Korea in order to combat the hostility that has developed both from external and internal factors within North Korea. However, because American foreign policy and attitudes toward international security is predominantly realist, the U.S. provides its allies in East Asia with military supplies and maintains troops within the borders of the allied nations such as Japan and South Korea. As a result of this realist perception, surrounding countries such as North Korea and China also maintain a predominantly realist approach toward foreign affairs and continue to increase and modernize their military and military related technological advancements. Furthermore, U.S. influence in East Asia encourages its allies to maintain an isolated approach towards North Korea and remain uncooperative. President Obama’s foreign policy continues to maintain bilateral alliances with Japan and Taiwan which discourages the creation of multilateral agreements between North Korea and countries in East Asia. This discouragement has caused the proliferation of t...
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes north korean and chinese relations due to marxist-leninist policies and a look at korean culture resulting from extreme ideologies.
- Analyzes how the realist worldview of north korea characterizes it as a coalesced form of belligerence that must be dealt with through american containment and deterrence.
- Analyzes how north korea's internal and external factors are representative of both hobbesian and marxist ideologies, resulting in geopolitical miscalculations and possibly war.
- Analyzes how the marxist attributes of north korea identify themselves in the country's interpretation of human rights.
- Argues that locke's emphasis on constitutionalism defines the relationship between the bureaucracy and the political government and establishes a basis for modern day legislative and executive power.
- Argues that a liberal approach toward north korea supported by neo-realists exhibits the concept of shifting from realism toward foreign policy and advocates for the creation of international conventions.
- Opines that north korea is seen as a radical and dangerous threat until regime change is completed.
- Opines that the u.s. must be diplomatic in regards to china in order to limit the development of military and economic rivalry.
- Opines that the united states' ultimate goal is the reform of the north korean regime through the unification of south and north korea.
- Opines that the u.s. is imposing sanctions against north korea and boycotting the implementation of the 1994 agreed framework pact.
- Opines that diplomacy is a strategy to improve north korea's social and economic health. the radical nature of the government makes militaristic action necessary to prevent backtracking and deception.
- Opines that asymmetric relations are necessary to create stability in east asia. north korea's hostile foreign policy coupled with internal human rights issues conveys the necessity of disarming and regime change.
- Opines that president obama should end north korea's belligerence now, according to the big story.
- Opines that freedom leads to growth. john hood's syndicated weekly column. n.p., 17 jan. 2014.
2917 wordsRead More - The recent turn of events in North Korea with its alleged admission to possessing nuclear weapon has created nervous tension in the Far East region. Specifically, North Korea has recently transformed the existing bilateral U.S.-ROK alliance into an awkward triangular ROK-U.S.-DPRK dynamic, significantly complicating the previous bilateral relationships amongst the three as well as making these relationships more difficult to manage. We will trace the development of these relations, to gain a better insight into this long standing conflict and to assess better the future implications surrounding these tensions.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the recent turn of events in north korea with its alleged admission to possessing nuclear weapon has created nervous tension in the far east region.
- Explains that north korea's pursuit of nuclear weapons is the only real defense of the regime. the us and nato launched operation allied force against yugoslavia.
- Opines that the lesson learned by pyongyang from all this is that all the nations the us attacked lacked nuclear weapons.
- Analyzes shorrock's election victory and the widening gap between the u.s. and south korea.
- Explains that korea was annexed by japan, ending the rule of korean dynasty and independence. the colonial rule was highly repressive and exploitative.
- Explains that the us-dprk relationship was considered a non-factor during the cold war.
- Explains that the us-rok relationship was a patron-client military dependent relationship with the threat of north korea. with the democratization movement, anti-americanism emerged from the confines of marxism-leninism.
- Explains how kim dae-jung's "sunshine policy" emphasized the peaceful management of the korean divide through engagement. the summit proved to be the pinnacle of north-south relations.
- Argues that north korea's nuclear weapons are the ultimate guarantee that the us will not entertain any ideas about invading and bringing about regime change in pyongyang.
- Opines that the united states has a strong stake in improving relations with north korea for stability and leverage reasons in northeast asia.
- Quotes feffer, john, and oh, kongdan. "terroism eclipses the sunshine policy: inter-korean relations and the united states."
4682 wordsRead More - The Story of the Everlasting Cold War Between The West and The Eastargumentative essayBellamy, Paul. 2010. "The Last Cold War? Thoughts on Resolving Korea's Sixty Year-old Family Feud." Journal Of Human Security (RMIT Training Pty Ltd Trading As RMIT Publishing) 6, no. 2: 1-6. International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed May 18, 2014).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states became a powerful, respected empire after the second world war. its past experiences with wars and effective diplomatic influences inserted disquieting concerns in the soviet union that held the ideology of communist expansion close to its heart.
- Defines the cold war as a feral war where the 2 enemies fight behind the curtains, under different titles, and using different causes.
- Explains that during the cold war, the united states and the soviet union fought each other using different titles and different excuses.
- Explains how khrushchev and castro turned cuba into the soviet union nuclear missiles base. kennedy worked restlessly and fiercely to stop what could have been a real war.
- Concludes that the conflict of ideologies between the united states and the soviet union, even after the collapse of ussr, still exists but in a different form.
- Explains that the united states governed part of east germany and was looking to expand its popular economic systems that was based on capitalism and liberalism.
- Analyzes how president truman excoriated the soviet union in 1947, and how he convinced the congress to allocate millions of dollars and send experts to turkey and greece to crash the rebels.
- Explains that the united states and the soviet union shared the governance of korea. the korean war was the cold war's first significant armed conflict.
- Cites bellamy, paul, and evered, k. the truman doctrine in greece and turkey: america’s cold war.
1263 wordsRead More - North Korea, formally known as the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a relic of the Cold War and the world’s last remaining totalitarian Stalinist dictatorship. Arguably the most secretive state in the world, North Korea poses a unique set of challenges to the world, especially to its democratic and capitalist neighbor, South Korea, formally known as the Republic of Korea (ROK). As one of the last remnants of the Cold War era, North Korea remains an anomaly of the international system due to its unpredictable nature and disregard for international norms. With the recent bombardment of the South Korean Island of Yeongpyong and the sinking of the warship Cheonan, tensions between the two Koreas are at the lowest point since the end of the Korean War. The question remains regarding the direction South Korea must take if it hopes to achieve lasting peace on the peninsula and whether the goal of re-unification can be attained in our lifetime. Past South Korean engagement policies such as the Nordpolitik and the ‘Sunshine Policy’ have shown to elicit some positive effects on improving relations. However, they failed to reduce the military tension that exists on the peninsula as the North continued to pursue a nuclear weapons program during their implementation. The current administration has taken a more hard-lined approach but this too has proven to only further increase tensions as evidenced by the recent provocations. For South Korea to successfully formulate a set of policies that would elicit a positive response from North Korea, South Korea must carefully evaluate its past policy successes while also attempting to understand the underlying reasoning behind North Korean behavior.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that north korea is a relic of the cold war and the world's last remaining totalitarian stalinist dictatorship.
- Describes how the united nations security council condemned north korea's actions as a "breach of peace" and deployed 28 nations to defend south korea.
- Illustrates how the south's strong military and economic relationship with the united states has been a curse and blessing. the aggression and belligerence displayed by north korea is in response to the military presence of americans on the peninsula.
- Analyzes how south korea's affairs and future are inextricably linked to the united states' and united nations' policies towards north korea.
- Analyzes how lee myung bak's 'sunshine policy' was a policy failure that did little to change north korea’s belligerent behavior or pursuit of nuclear weapons.
- Opines that south korea must analyze past policy successes and failures to properly implement successful north korean foreign policy.
- Opines that south korea and its allies must remain vigilant to prepare for all possibilities that the succession may bring.
- Explains that south korean engagement policies and north korea:iidentities, norms and the sunshine policy.
- Analyzes the paradox of the korean conflict and the subsequent reasoning behind the continued collective belief in reunification.
- Explains that south korea's relations between the two states have a seasonal tendency, albeit less frequently than the seasons themselves.
- Explains that the 'sunshine policy' was met with resistance domestically and from international allies during its implementation as many viewed it as a form of appeasement.
- Explains that south korea's relationship with the north has proved to be a rocky one characterized by its inherent irregularity.
- Cites levin, n.d., yong, s.h. and selig, h. (2004). the north korean conundrum.
- Cites edwards, paul m., and choi, yong sang. "north korea's flight 858 terrorism admission."
3444 wordsRead More - Japanese Politeness Essayargumentative essay“In addition, State Minister Kiuchi mentioned the importance of North Korea refraining from further provocations and taking steps for denuclearization, and of all countries fulfilling Security Council resolutions, along with seeking the understanding and cooperation of the ASEAN member countries for the resolution of the abductions issue. Furthermore, State Minister Kiuchi explained the importance of achieving concrete results in UN Security Council reform this year, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the
In this essay, the author
- Explains that japanese politeness is a characteristic that distinguishes it from other languages, such as the japanese honorifics system. when japanese people speak or write, they have to determine which style they should apply.
- Explains that when an english source text is translated into japanese, the translator should determine the target japanese text's basic style as a whole, namely polite or flat.
- Compares google and microsoft's polite and flat styles, and explains that if one sentence adopts a polite style, all of the other sentences should use the same style.
- Explains that politeness in conversation is a fundamental issue. students can say "good morning" to their teachers and friends in english, whereas people speaking japanese cannot.
- Compares google's flat style with microsoft'
- Explains that they would like to observe other results of mt from english to japanese to measure their effectiveness. the source text is from the website of the foreign ministry of japan.
- States that state minister kiuchi mentioned the importance of north korea refraining from further provocations and taking steps for denuclearization, and of all countries fulfilling security council resolutions, along with seeking the understanding and cooperation of asean member countries for the resolution of the abductions issue.
- Analyzes how google and microsoft's translations are unacceptable. they can't understand the correct meanings of the two sentences.
- Explains how mt (the web-based google and microsoft translation systems) is useless for translation between english and japanese, but why is it?
- Explains that mt between english and japanese does not work well because of the differences in grammar and vocabulary between the two languages.
- Explains that a new active movement to improve mt or automatic interpreting technology has also been seen in japan.
- Explains that the translation and interpreting education research group (2015b) provides a lot of resources for translation technology learners.
- Opines that the lecture video on the web about post-editing with reading source texts has made them uncomfortable. it seems better to translate from scratch by myself without mt.
1582 wordsRead More - Essay On Forceful Action Against North Koreaopinionated essayIt was the October 9 2006 North Korea’s nuclear test, actually the first, that triggered the various reactions and actions from the international nations. USA led these nations in trying to strongly control the North Korea nuclear program. This test has also forced them to scramble to find suitable solutions sanctions that suites them. This action by international nations creates room for discussions and various arguments as to why so many nations are after the denuclearization program and what their intentions might be especially when thought of from an economical point of view. Despite the actions of North Ko...
In this essay, the author
- Disagrees with the forceful action being taken against north korea and the withdrawal of any further talks. they argue that the involvement of the north korean in the nuclear plan and program will not be a threat to the other international nations.
- Analyzes how north korea's nuclear test triggered various reactions and actions from the international nations. this action created room for discussions and various arguments as to why so many nations are after the denuclearization program.
- Opines that north korea's economy is well structured to favor their economic activities. it has a monopoly system that allows strict scrutiny of economic policies applicable there.
- Opines that north korea's involvement in large production of nuclear weapons improves the economic conditions, but if it is taken as a threat to other nations pushing for its denuclearization, it will withdraw from the economy.
- Argues that north korea's involvement in nuclear program can only be termed a threat if the nations around it do not prefer any kind of terms and mode of operation.
- Argues that north korea's economic relations have helped it develop its economy in the recent past. treating it as a threat to international nations and the whole world does not improve its situation.
- Opines that the existence of such a foreign exchange market should make the international nations understand how an individual member nation may be important. north korea has been involved in several actions that have shown its power economically.
- Opines that the economic development of a nation might measure real gnp per capita over time. denuclearizing north korea will barely help solve the situation.
- Explains that north korea's nuclear arsenal and program is a major threat to the international nations and the entire world in general.
- Disagrees with north korea being viewed as a threat to international nations and entire world due to its nuclear weapon proliferation. there should be no forceful force of action taken against it.
1440 wordsRead More - The History Of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regimeexplanatory essayThe regime’s greatest flaw is, perhaps, human nature. For as many South Korea’s earnestly support cooperation and global denuclearization, there will be other nation-states unwilling to give up their ‘right to deterrence.’ Rightly or wrongly, South Korea’s own policy-structure demonstrates a dependency on a liberal school of thought, guiding them to other means of prestige, but their neighbors in the global sphere are not so willing to place faith outside of sheer military superiority.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the nuclear non-proliferation regime is composed of many working treaties, agreements, and norms, of which the npt is only a single part.
- Explains that the concept of non-proliferation began to draw attention after the bombs were dropped on nagasaki and hiroshima. the strain of competing nations pushed the doomsday clock uncomfortably close to midnight.
- Explains that nonproliferation efforts can be traced as early as the charter of the u.n (1945), particularly in articles 11(1), 26, and 47(1).
- Explains that the united nations began to take active measures against nuclear proliferation with the treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water.
- Explains that the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons (npt) bound member-states to eleven articles preventing the transference of nuclear weapons and fissionable material and receipt of the same by non-nuclear weapons states.
- Explains that the npt has drawn mixed responses over the years. its flaws include the ease of change from non-nuclear weapons state to nuclear weapons states within the framework of the treaty.
- Explains that non-party nuclear weapons states such as israel, india, and pakistan are of great concern to critics of the npt.
- Explains that the comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty (ctbt) is a zero-yield formulation and will not enter into force until china, the dprk, egypt, india, iran, israel, pakistan, and the united states ratify it.
- Argues that the nuclear non-proliferation regime is a flawed mechanism that is designed to be self-enforcing.
- Opines that south korea's policy-structure demonstrates a dependency on liberal school of thought, guiding them to other means of prestige, but their neighbors in the global sphere are not so willing to place faith outside of sheer military superiority.
1234 wordsRead More - The US Rogue States and the Dialogue with North Koreaanalytical essayOnce the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s the bipolar world order disintegrated with it, leaving the United States as the sole global superpower. Yet, the communism was not the only concern of Americans. In the early 1980s, this capitalist power already started sensing an overcoming threat of the international terrorism, which led to the emergence of a new group of enemies, namely, the rogue states. These countries are seen as a danger to the new unipolar world. The United States of America assumed a responsibility to contain these states and/or transform them into successfully functioning democracies. Currently this is being done by military interventions and sanctions. However, one special state arises – North Korea . It is the most aggressive of the group, but enjoys the most diplomatic approach. This paper’s aim is to understand why North Korea is receiving a different treatment compared to its comrade dictator states. This will be done as follows. Firstly, the definition(s) of the rogue states will be provided. Secondly, the critique of the American standpoint will be given. Finally, the reasons for the treatment of the DPRK will be addressed.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that once the soviet union collapsed in the early 1990s, the bipolar world order disintegrated with it, leaving the united states as the sole global superpower.
- Explains that rogue states entered the global politics arena in early 1980s, when the us became concerned about the issues of international terrorism and the states sponsoring it.
- Analyzes how the term axis of evil became official in the president george w. bush’s state of the union address, where he announced iraq, iran and north korea as being an even higher danger to the global stability.
- Analyzes how the us' approach towards the rogue state par excellence – north korea is contestable due to the lack of standardised approach and the assumed responsibility of democratiser.
- Analyzes the negative connotations and preconceptions of rogue and evil countries, such as north korea, which is receiving a different type of handling than other antagonistic regimes.
- Opines that the united states has a completely different approach towards north korea compared to other "backlash states."
- Opines that north korea's tactic, compared to the military invasions to iraq or syria, does not seem rational, especially when it is a constant threat to both its citizens and neighbours.
- Concludes that the american terms of rogue states and the axis of evil emerged as an alternative to the collapsed communist world.
- Analyzes howard's "why not invade north korea? threats, language games, and u.s. foreign policy."
- Cites bleiker, roland, boniface, pascal, cha, noam, chomsky, and eiss. "rogue states: the rule of force in world affairs."
- Cites mitchell, sara mclaughlin, and peter f. trumbore. "rogue states and territorial disputes." conflict management and piece science (2013): 1-17.
1912 wordsRead More - North Korean Regime of Confucian Communismanalytical essayNanto, Dick K., and Mark E. Manyin. "China–North Korea Relations." North Korean Review 7.2 (2011): 94-101. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that north korea is not just a communist "hermit kingdom" created by soviet troops during the korean war, it is also an important confucian state that shares fundamental similarities to its neighbours.
- Explains that confucianism, one of the most significant east asian philosophies, had been present in the korean peninsula since the 4th century.
- Explains confucianism's decline after the kabo reforms, and the hegemonic ideology of the north and south during the korean war.
- Analyzes how kim il-sung resurrected confucianism and neo-confucian values in his new socialist kingdom to legitimize the hereditary rule of the kim family.
- Analyzes the north korea regime through the lens of juche ideology and how it matches the confucian values.
- Explains that north korea and china are the only restrictive regimes in east asia. the prc is its closest ally and arguably the most able to wield influence in pyongyang.
- Compares how north korea and south korea used confucian family structure and father-like leadership to be considered the great fathers of the nation.
- Explains that north korea has many historical and cultural similarities with other east asian countries, due to the commonly shared background of confucianism and neo-confuciannism.
- Explains chung, young-soon, and the resurrection of confucianism in north korea.
- Explains dolan, ronald e., and robert l. worden. japan: a country study. washington, d.c.
- Explains the importance of confucian values to kim jong il's system.
- Opines that lipman, jonathan neaman., barbara molony, and michael edson. modern east asia: an integrated history.
- Describes nanto, dick k., and mark e. manyin. china–north korea relations.
- Explains that north korea: a country study. washington, d.c.: federal research division, library of congress, 1994.
- Explains young, whan kihl, and the cultural dimension and context of north korean communism.
- Explains that worden, robert l., andrea matles savada, and ronald e. dolan. china: a country study. washington, d.c.
- Opines that north korea: the kim family tree.
1827 wordsRead More - Present Day Cuban Missile Crisisanalytical essayOn the morning of October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy received confirmation that Russia has placed missiles and atomic weapons on the island of Cuba. The ensuing 13 days would become an extremely intense and dangerous period for the American people. Fast forward 51 years and it would seem as though the American government is dealing with a very similar set of circumstances. The North Korean government has embarked on a very serious journey to develop and usenuclear weapons,with the primary target being South Korea and the United States bases within that country. Comparing these two events is difficult because the situation in Korea has not been resolved. However, by using the Cuban missile crisis as a blueprint, the United States government can avoid potential pitfalls and avoid entering in another armed conflict with the unpredictable North Korean government.
In this essay, the author
- Compares the cuban missile crisis as a blueprint for the united states to avoid another armed conflict with the unpredictable north korean government.
- Explains that the president's televised address to the american people got the unanimous support of the oas. the navy had to avoid unnecessary aggression towards ships approaching the blockade line.
- Analyzes how soviet premier nikita khrushchev, amidst mounting pressure of nuclear war, addressed his terms for disarmament to president kennedy and the ex comm.
- Analyzes how north korea's aggressive rhetoric has strained relations with the international community due to missile proliferation violations and continued missile testing.
- Analyzes how the change in policy from clinton to bush slowed the improvements and hampered the relationship with north korea.
- Opines that anti-u.s. rhetoric has reached a dangerously reckless level with the change in leadership in north korea.
- Analyzes how imagery intelligence played a key role in discovering the soviet missiles in cuba, and the u.s. military bases in south korea make this nuclear situation comparable to the cuban missile crisis.
- Opines that president obama will not have to worry about lost communications between him and junior officers on the ground, like president kennedy did. the unpredictability of the young north korean leader also brings a new dimension into this conflict.
- Describes the executive committee of the national security council (ex comm) that was formed to determine the president's course of action.
1946 wordsRead More