Sida L., is a medicinally important genus, the species of which are widely used in traditional systems of medicine in India. Pharmacologically, roots are known for anti-tumor, anti-HIV, hepatoprotective and many other properties. Phenolic antioxidants help in reducing oxidative stress occurring during treatment of such diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of eight selected species of Sida from Western Ghats, India. Methanolic root extracts (10% w/v) of Sida acuta, S. cordata, S. cordifolia, S. rhombifolia, S. spinosa, S. indica, S. retusa and S. mysorensis were analyzed. Sida cordifolia possessed highest total phenolic content (TPC: 1.92 ±0.10 mg CAE/ g and 2.13 ±0.11 mg TAE/ g), total flavonoid content (TF: 2.60 ±0.13 mg QE/ g) and also possessed highest antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging (51.31 ±2.57 % RSA; TEAC: 566.25 ±28.31μM; AEAC: 477.80 ±23.89 μM) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assays (TEAC: 590.67 ±29.53 μM; AEAC: 600.67 ±30.03 μM). Unlike DPPH and FRAP activity, ABTS+ antioxidant activity was highest in S. indica (TEAC: 878.44 ±43.92 μM; AEAC 968.44 ±48.42 μM). It was significant to note that values of AEAC (μM) for all the antioxidant activities analyzed were higher than that of TEAC. The high contents of phenolic compounds in the root extracts of selected Sida species have direct correlation with their antioxidant activities. Conclusively, roots of S. cordifolia can be considered as the potential source of polyphenols and antioxidants.
Key words: Bala, Sida, Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoids, Antioxidant activity
Genus Sida L., belonging to family Malvaceae, is comprising of about 200 species distributed throughout the...
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...Ghats regions of Belgaum district, authenticated and voucher specimens deposited at Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India for future reference. [Voch. Nos.: Sida cordata Boiss. (RMRC 475), Sida spinosa L. (RMRC 477), Sida rhombifolia L. (RMRC 479), Sida acuta Burm.f.(RMRC 484), Sida cordifolia L. (RMRC 938), Sida indica L. (RMRC 939), Sida mysorensis Wt. & Arn. (RMRC 970), Sida retusa L. (RMRC 971)]
The roots of S. acuta, S. cordata, S. cordifolia, S. rhombifolia, S. spinosa, S. indica, S. retusa, S. mysorensis and S. retusa were cleaned properly, shade dried and coarsely powdered. The powdered materials (10 g) were extracted with methanol (100 ml) by cold maceration and the extracts obtained were concentrated under reduced pressure at 40° C using rotary evaporator (Heidolf, Germany). These residues were stored at 4 oC until further use.
The pigment line of the sample leaf was extracted by repeatedly rolling a coin along a ruler edge that held the leaf 1.5-2cm from the bottom of Whatman #1 chromatography paper. Subsequently, a saturated environment was created to ensure that the solvent was separated by placing the beaker containing the rolled Whatman paper with the sample line on the outside into a mason jar containing the separation solvent, and sealing both compartments.
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Monarda can be found in moist to slightly dry soils in North America between July and September of each year. They inhabit prairies, woodlands, pastures, and gardens. In the summer months, germinated seeds and rhizomes within the ground
Christman, Steve. "Floridata: Carya Illinoinensis." FLORIDATA. Floridata.com LC, 30 Aug. 2000. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. http://www.floridata.com/ref/c/cary_ill.cfm.
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But with a growing evidence that wild edible plants are often superior in comparison to processed foods (Somnasang and Moreno-Black, 2000), provide substantial nutritional and dietary benefits in remote rural areas to tribal populations (Sundriyal and Sundriyal, 2001) and can be used to prevent chronic and under nutrition diseases (Green, 1993) ethno botanical studies are becoming increasingly important (Sundriyal and Sundriyal 2000, 2004; Bhattarai and Chaudhary, 2009). The role of ethno-medicinal plants as the prerequisite of culturally pertinent and economically affordable health care in creating both sustainable livelihoods and the critical conservation of biodiversity is gaining an unprecedented importance and consequently a strong emphasis has now been laid on the need to broaden the biological diversity in human nutrition as well as to document and conserve the indigenous knowledge associated with these plants (Javaid M Dad,
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...ince, there is a need to use for advanced novel methods of culturing plant to furnish new means for quickly propagating,conserving of endangered species and also introducing exotic plants. The production of high quality planting material of exotic nature propagated from vegetative parts through tissue culture has created new opportunities in global trading. The exotic plants are advantageous for farmers;growers; nursery owners & rural employment. As exotic plants are restricted to their natural environment; the main benefit of tissue culture technology lies on production of high quality & uniform planting material that can be multiplied on a year round basis. The plant selected for such purpose is Stevia rabuadiana Bertoni. Objectives of study:
Market Line. India Country Profile: Pest Analysis. Data Monitor. 2012. The.
Eugenol was extracted from cloves through the process called steam distillation. A total of 50ml of distillate were collected with temperature monitoring for every 5.0ml of collected liquid. The distillation curve showed that the temperature of volatilization of eugenol is from 98°C to 99°C which is way below its boiling point at 2540C. Chemically active extraction was conducted in order to remove impurities particularly eugenol acetate and caryophyllene. This involves the addition of several solvents particularly hexane, NaOH, HCl, then hexane again in succession.
Ksheerapaka being used as a bhavana dravya (~liquids added to medications by process of trituration) in the medicinal preparations for vaajikarana, as well as for the preparation of siddha vasa (oleaginous substance obtained as an extract from muscle tissue of animals) imparts added relevance to this unique formulation.[31, 29]
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In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
Herbal remedies’ qualities are widespread availability, lower cost, effective for chronic conditions. Herbal remedies are the use of plants or plant extract to treat a person’ overall health. Herbal treatments are prominent for developing countries for instance, “in Africa up to 90% and in India 70% of the population depend on traditional medicine to help meet their health care needs” (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011), due to their low cost and availability. Herbal remedies have gained attention in the past decades, and expanding their uses due to the increased interest of natural therapies (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Herbs used on the remedies grow in the wild throughout the world, therefore making it easy to