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Question about virology
Essay on history of pandemics
Essay on history of pandemics
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A pandemic is defined as a disease that has the ability to outbreak and spread globally. A pandemic is determined by how a particular disease spreads rather than how many lives it has claimed. A future pandemic can easily occur if and when a mutation of a new influenza A virus emerges. A pandemic of this type is easily possible to spread quickly and globally due to that when a new strand of the virus emerges, it will be highly unlikely that the human population will have a built up immunity to it. In 1918 to 1919 a flu pandemic broke out known as the Spanish flu. A majority of the people who caught this illness passed on quickly. Others passed on from complications caused by bacteria. An estimated twenty to forty percent of the world’s population contracted the illness. From 1957 to 1958 a new …show more content…
Having aching muscles in the back, arms and legs. A person may experience chills and sweats, headaches, and a dry persistent cough. Along with having fatigue and a sore throat. The treatment for the influenza virus is to get plenty of bedrest and to drink plenty of fluids. On occasion a physician may prescribe an antiviral medication like Tamiflu or Relenza; but only in the first few days that symptoms arrive. The prognosis for the influenza virus is that most people will recover fully from the influenza virus.
Once a new virus emerges, it is most likely that those who are at the highest risk of developing the disease will receive the vaccine first. The fourth challenge is to create a secondary site that can be used as a medical facility. The fifth and final challenge has to do with the disrupted economy and society. Events like traveling bans and school and business closings.
The influenza virus is most commonly spread from person to person by coughing or sneezing. The virus can also be spread by touching an object that was recently contaminated. Then accidently touching their mouth or
The influenza or flu pandemic of 1918 to 1919, the deadliest in modern history, infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide–about one-third of the planet’s population at the time–and estimates place the number of victims anywhere from 25 to 100 million. More than 25 percent of the U.S. population became sick, and some 675,000 Americans died during the pandemic. The 1918 flu was first observed in Europe, the U.S. and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. Surprisingly, many flu victims were young, otherwise healthy adults. At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain or prevent its spread. In the U.S., citizens were ordered to wear masks, and schools, theaters and other public
"Pandemic Flu History." Home. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, n.d. Web. 23 Mar.
The epidemic began at around the end of the first World War and was the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. Some symptoms of the influenza include muscle pains, sore throat, headache, fever, glandular disturbances, eye aberrations, heart action slowing, and depression of all bodily functions and reactions. The flu is highly contagious and spreads easily whenever an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. This global disaster was nicknamed the “Spanish Flu,” or “La Grippe.” The nickname of the Spanish Flu came from one of the earliest countries to be hit hard by influenza: eight million people in Spain were killed in the May of 1918.
The influenza pandemic of 1918 had not only altered the lives of thousands, but the habitual lives of family and work as well. The Spanish Influenza collected more lives than all of the casualties of war in the twentieth century combined. After the disease had swept through the nation, towns that once began their days in lazy, comfortable manners had begun to struggle to get through a single day. What started as a mild neglect of a typical fever or case of chills had escalated and grown at an alarmingly rapid rate to be fearsome and tragic.
The Great War rages on. An influenza epidemic claims the lives of several Americans. But, the Boston Red Sox have done it again. Last night, in a 2-1 victory over the Chicago Cubs at Fenway Park (thanks to Carl Mays' three-hitter), the Boston Red Sox won their fifth World Series championship--amid death and disease, a reason to live ... Babe Ruth and the 1918 Red Sox. If I die today, at least I lived to see the Sox win the championship. For, it could be a long, long, time before this happens again.
...influenza pandemic in one way or another; the use of quarantines were extremely prevalent among them. Also, the pandemic is directly responsible for the creation of many health organizations across the globe. The organizations help track and research illnesses across the globe. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for example, strive to prevent epidemics and pandemics. They also provide a governing body with directives to follow in case an outbreak does occur, and if one shall occur the efforts of organizations across the globe will be crucial for its containment. It is amazing that with modern medicine and proper organization that influenza still manages to make its appearance across the globe annually.
Influenza is a major public health problem which has outbreaks all over the world. Resulting in considerable sickness and death rates. Furthermore, it is a highly infectious airborne disease and is caused by the influenza virus. Influenza is transmitted easily from one person to another person, which has a great impact on society. When a member of society becomes sick, it is more prone to spread to other people.
The influenza pandemic occurred in a manner that shocked many. It spread extremely fast which finally brought it to the attention of the government. The fact that World War I was going on pressured governments even more to do something about the pandemic (Hayes 390). The public health authorities in the United States created their plan of containment similar to what they did with the Bubonic plague. Their plan of action was to reduce contact between individuals. Their ideas were created based on their knowledge of how the virus spread which was through the air by coughing and sneezing. Since they came to the conclusion that the virus spread through the air, they tried to limit the contact between the effected and those not effected so they would not share the same air. Public gatherings and meeting places were seen as a threat and a great place for the virus to spread and so were closed down. In the United States, the Committee of the American Public Health Association, APHA, created measures that greatly limited public gatherings. They concluded that the gathering of bodies in a single space in which breath was shared was dangerous. Many places of entertainment such as theatres, saloons, and dance halls were closed. Even public funerals were banned. Schools were cl...
A few years before 1918, in the height of the First World War, a calamity occurred that stripped the globe of at least 50 million lives. (Taubenberger, 1918) This calamity was not the death toll of the war; albeit, some individuals may argue the globalization associated with the First World War perpetuated the persistence of this calamity. This calamity was referred to the Spanish Flu of 1918, but calling this devastating pestilence the “Spanish Flu” may be a historical inaccuracy, as research and historians suggest that the likelihood of this disease originating in Spain seams greatly improbable. Despite it’s misnomer, the Spanish Flu, or its virus name H1N1, still swept across the globe passing from human to human by exhaled drops of water that contained a deadly strand of RNA wrapped with a protein casing. Individuals who were unfortunate enough to come in contact with the contents of the protein casing generally developed severe respiratory inflammation, as the Immune system’s own response towards the infected lung cells would destroy much of the lungs, thus causing the lungs to flood with fluids. Due to this flooding, pneumonia was a common cause of death for those infected with Spanish Flu. Due its genetic similarity with Avian Flu, the Spanish Flu is thought to be descended from Avian Flu which is commonly known as “Bird Flu.” (Billings,1997) The Spanish Flu of 1918 has had a larger impact in terms of global significance than any other disease has had because it was the most deadly, easily transmitted across the entire globe, and occurred in an ideal time period for a disease to happen.
The year 1918 was the deadliest year I’ve ever experienced because the spanish Influenza plague was by the worst thing anyone could experience. I witnessed this plague kill more people in a time span than any other disease. This disease first shown up down in Southeast Alaska around October around a month in I read that in Ketchikan there was 200 cases of this plague. Then around a week later the case count went up to 336 but with seven dead bodies. Every Time I’d grab a paper I’ll see that in different parts of Alaska in different towns that many people was catching this disease in Sitka it was 95 different cases, in Hydaburg around 250 obtained the disease. My hometown Nome got hit dramatically their first outbreak happened around the end
The human population has a high susceptibility to the contraction of new diseases and outbreaks of these diseases are of high risk. Diseases in recent times that have broken out into the human population are the H7N9 flu strain and SARS. Despite the risk, outbreaks like H7N9 and SARS have been controlled due to epidemiology and other disease control methods. Outbreaks of disease are not uncommon to the human population as they move to new areas around the world with foreign diseases that the native residents would have developed a resistance to.
At the time, the Influenza of 1918 was called the Spanish Flu. Spain was not involved in the expanding great war (i.e., World War I) and therefore was not censoring it's press. However, Germany, Britain, and America were censoring their newspapers for anything that would lower morale. Therefore, Spain was the first country to publish accounts of the pandemic (Barry 171 and Furman 326), even though the pandemic most likely started in either France or the United States. It was also unique in it's deadliness; it “killed more people in a year than the Black Death of the Middle Ages killed in a century” (Barry 5). In the United States, the experience during the pandemic varied from location to location. Some areas were better off whereas some were hit horribly by the disease, such as Philadelphia. It also came as a shock to many, though some predicted it's coming; few thought it would strike with the speed and lethality that it did. Though the inherent qualities of the flu enabled its devastation of the country, the response to the flu was in part responsible as well. The response to the pandemic was reasonable, given the dire situation, but not sufficient enough to prevent unnecessary death and hardship, especially in Philadelphia.
The Flu was first founded in Seattle September, 1918. The avian flu can also be known as the “Bird Flu”. The bird flu is being passed around by migratory birds. It can be transmitted from birds to mammals and in some limited circumstances to humans. The flu will also be known as the H5N1 virus. The H5N1 virus has raised concerns about a potential human pandemic because its virulent (deadly; extremely dangerous) and it can evolve like other influenza viruses. As many other viruses and illnesses the flu can be a lot more deadlier. When you get the flu the lungs are severely harmed from infected cells called macrophages and T-cells. The virus can spread way beyond the lungs but generally do not. Many people catch the flu and think they have the common cold because of some of the same symptoms. But actually the flu can be more dangerous if you don’t treat it immediately.
Have you ever had the flu? If you have, I’m sure you’ll agree that it’s not the most pleasant thing in the world. In nineteen eighteen there was a flu epidemic that spread worldwide, it later became known as the Spanish flu. This was a deadly virus that most did not survive. It shocked and effected many people. The Spanish Flu of nineteen eighteen was one of the worst epidemics in American history because it killed more than 20.6 million people worldwide.
The Influenza pandemic was so severe that the life span in the U.S. had decreased by 10 years. The pandemic had spread all around the world as it was carried on trade routes. The origins of where this influenza variant originated is not known.