A case report on organophosphate poisoning in a 24 year old male who ingested the parathion. He was treated by stomach wash, administration of pralidoxime, Atropine, Ceftriaxone, Oxygen support 2 lit/ml. Through the nasal prong, continuous cardiac monitoring and mechanical ventilator support for 13 days.
Keywords: Parathion, Pralidoxime, Atropine, Ceftriaxone etc.
Introduction:
A poison is any substance, which when administered to the body through any route, produces ill health, disease or death while poisoning refers to the damaging physiologic effects of ingestion, inhalation, or other exposure to a range of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and chemicals, including pesticide, heavy metals, gases/vapours and common household substances, such as bleach and ammonia. Poisoning is an important health problem in every country of the world1.
Parathion is a broad-spectrum insecticide used to control a wide variety of insects and mites. It is used in forestry, aquaculture, mosquito control and other non crop uses. Parathion usually refers to ethyl parathion rather than the closely related chemical methyl parathion, is one of a class of pesticides known as organophosphates. Among the most extremely acute toxic pesticides, parathion is notorious for the number and severity of human poisonings causes each year2. First introduced by Bayer AG. of Germany in 1947, with a U.S. registration in 1948. In the 1970’s approximately half the cases of world-wide pesticide poisonings were caused by parathion3.
The toxicity of parathion is caused by its metabolite paraoxon, which is 50 times as toxic as the parent compound Parathion. Along with other organophosphates, it binds irreversibly to the essential nervous system enzyme acetylcholine esterase (...
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...ce fluid 75 ml/hr.) given to the patient for the management of Parathion poisoning.
The therapeutic management of this patient including Atropine administration, atropine continue as main antidote of muscarinic effect from organophosphate poisoning but has no impact on neuromuscular effects or on pseudocholinesterase levels. Prolidoxime which acts synergistically with atropine at the initial acute phase organophosphate poisoning is the antidote of choice to control nicotinic manifestation.
Conclusion:
Organophosphate poisoning is a common and acute problem in leading country because of due to easily available of pesticide. Young adult should be educated about poisoning hazards and should be aware about the poisoning. Clinical and health care professional should be provide technique in rural place, how to prevent and also give some tips about emergency condition.
"Chemical Warfare Agents - Resources on the health effects from chemical weapons, emergency response & treatment, counterterrorism, and emergency preparedness.au.af." Specialized Information Services - Reliable information on toxicology, environmental health, chemistry, HIV/AIDS, and minority health. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2010.
Attention-getter: Every day in America millions of people are being poisoned, and you could very well be among them.
Nicotine is a highly toxic substance (LD40) which can affect the brain, central and autonomic nervous system
Dr. Marshall Westwood had been a victim of the puffer fish poisoning. This poisoning is due to a type of neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin that is pres...
This year, I learned a lot in College Writing 112. This class is different from any other classes. You cannot learn to write by only going to class and listening to the lectures. It is something that you can only learn it by yourself; the professors can only guide you through the difficulties. The only way to improve writing is to practice. The more you write, the better you will become. Once you learn it, it will become part of you—you will never forget writing.
Ingestion can be defined as taking in of the substance through the mouth into the gastro intestinal system. Ingestion of contaminated food, water and alcohol that are rich in lead content.
As stated earlier, forensic toxicology is the examination of toxic substances in human tissues, organs, and body fluids that may have contributed or caused death to an individual (Tilstone, Savage, Clark, 2006). When referring to toxicology, the important terms to focus on are “poisons” and “poisoning”. Poison can be defined as a substance which, when introduced into or applied to the body, is capable of injuring health or destroying life (Robertson, 1929). A simpler definition of poison would be that it is the malicious intent on giving a drug or substance to an individual.
Without a doubt, Shakespeare uses poison as the master metaphor in Hamlet. Used both literally and figuratively, poison is a recurring symbol that emphasizes the major themes and motifs in the play. In the literal sense, poison was used throughout the play by numerous characters to fulfill their biddings. In the figurative sense, the abuse of power and the wrong use of words and language both acted as metaphorical poisons in the play. The abuse of power and the misuse of words ended up being just as deadly as the poison
Toxicology." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Student Resources in Context. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
Toxicology is the investigation of the unfavourable impacts of chemicals on living creatures. Forensic toxicology takes it above and beyond, including various related controls to aid in the location and elucidation of pills and harms poisons and drugs in medico legitimate passing examinations, human execution issues; e.g.,
"Pesticides." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 18 July 2005. Web. 20 May 2011. .
25 April 2014. Muller, F. Toxicological Sciences. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. 24 April 2014. National Cancer Institute.
...very painfully (obviously). Cyanide acts quickly, but only large amounts are deadly. Cyanide poisoning can be treated with inhaled amyl nitrate, intravenous sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Then there is the most commonly known nerve agent, Sarin. Sarin is clear, colorless, tasteless, and lastly odorless. It's a highly unstable chemical and is for the most part an inhalational hazard. The effects of Sarin poisoning include having a runny nose, tightness in the chest, breathing difficulty, and nausea and vomiting, reflex bowel movement and urination, unintentional muscle movements, intense migraines, confusion, and tiredness. If untreated, victims stop breathing and die. Antidotes for Sarin when affected are atropine and pralidoxmine. Eyes and skin should be flushed thoroughly if exposed. And lastly, there is the most commonly known choking agent, chlorine.
Household chemicals were created for a reason, but that doesn’t mean they can’t be harmful to your health. For instance, pesticides used on household lawns are now proven to cause neurological disorders. These include depression, mania, learning disorders, A.D.H.D, immune system defects and memory problems. Not proven yet, but the same chemicals play a big part in leading research for the c...
Pesticide is a chemical used to prevent, wipe out and control the pest problem in agriculture. The use of pesticides have become a common practice around the world, and used almost everywhere, such as agricultural fields, homes, park and school, and so on. Most pesticides are insecticides, herbicides and fungicides that have distinct purposes. Insecticides are used to control insects; herbicides are used to destroy plants; fungicides are used to prevent molds and mildews. Most commonly pesticides contain highly toxic chemical such as Acid copper chromate (ACC), Acephate and Chlorpyrifos, and so on. One of example of insecticides, Chlorpyrifos, sprays widely on a variety of food and golf courses in order to control pests in a cornfield. However, “Chlorpyrifos can cause cholinesterase inhibition in humans; that is, it can over stimulate the nervous system causing nausea, dizziness, confusion, and at very high exposures (e.g., accidents or major spills), respiratory paralysis and death.” (EPA GOV) In the market has thousands of products are similar as Chlorpyrifos.