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Erikson social and emotional development essay
Erikson's theory of emotional development
Erikson social and emotional development
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My 4-year-old niece, Brianna, who is almost turning five, was born in Fort Benning, Georgia and lived there for more than 4 and a half years of her life. Her father served in the Army and recently got out, allowing them to move into the city of Pittsburgh where she is able to live a civilized life. Before interviewing my niece and her mom, who is my sister, I had expected for her mom to say that she was having a hard time coping with moving here and seeing a lot of people, because back in Fort Benning, she was very isolated and did not encounter many people or kids. She was homeschooled for 3 years, so I thought she would have experienced a crisis during Erikson’s theory of Initiative vs. Guilt, lacking the opportunities to develop the social and emotional aspect of her life. After conducting the interview and finding out about the factors of her development, it was made clear to me why she turned out to still be very outgoing, able to establish her self-concept and self-esteem. I found out how my sister and her husband raised my niece, how they disciplined her, and what activities ...
Claireece Precious Jones is currently experiencing the adolescent stage of her development and is transitioning into adulthood. Her experience as a teenage mother, growing up in poverty, and history of abuse all have implications for the development of her identity, cognitive functioning, and biological factors. We will focus on Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage for Adolescents to gage the evolution of Precious’s growth, while addressing the person in environmental theory that also attributes to the biopsychosocial context in which a young person develops.
This paper explores the need of adding Reminiscence Therapy to the National Joint Commission’s list of safety goals for long term care facilities. It links scientific research of psychologist Erik Erikson’s ‘Integrity vs. Despair’ theory as relative to the new goal. It examines research conducted by psychologist Jonathan Gerson in relation to the benefits of Reminiscence therapy in preventing feelings of despair in elderly patients showing its relationship to safety. National Awareness of Mental Illness facts are included to show the correlation of despair (that leads to depression) which in turn creates a plethora of safety risk factors that could potentially lead to significant patient injury. The discussion will also include the
He named this stage of development, identity vs. role confusion. At this age children explore their individuality and independence. They develop a sense of who they are and where they belong. Those adolescents who are given proper encouragement and reinforcements at this stage of development, will develop a sturdy sense of identity and also a feeling of individuality. Those adolescents who continue to be uncertain of themselves and their wishes will feel unconfident and uncertain about themselves and their future. Adolescents who complete this stage successfully will lead to a strong dependability, which Erikson defined as being capable to live by the world standards and
According to Saul McLeod (2008), in his article, Erik Erikson, he states, “Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages, taking in five stages up to the age of 18 years and three further stages beyond, well into adulthood. Erikson suggests that there is still plenty of room for continued growth and development throughout one’s life” (Paragraph 7). Erikson developed his theory of their being eight different psychosocial stages that a human being will encounter during their life. The eight states are: First, Trust vs. Mistrust, this is the first stage that Erikson developed in his theory. This stage will occur from a person’s birth to one year of their life. Trust is an essential part for children to see the trustfulness of other and the fundamental sense of building a relation through trustworthiness. For an example, Erikson decided that if an infant received food and comforted when needed the child will be able to develop a sense of trust for the caregiver. Not only was Erickson determined that children need a sense of comfort to develop trust, but mistrust is necessary for children to learn the difference between honest and a dishonest person in their life. Second, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, this is Erick Erikson second stage of his development theory children will go through between two and three years old. This is the time children can develop a sense of self-control without a loss of their own self-esteem. When children can be independent from the trust they have gain. If trust and a supportive atmosphere were not provided to a child, where the parents were over controlling, children will experience a low self-esteem and will always doubt their abilities. Third, Initiative vs. Guilt will begin to occur between ages four and five. During this time a child will be more independent to realize who she/he
Erikson believes a person’s personality changes throughout their lifespan and primarily focuses on ego. Furthermore, ego is a person’s sense of self-importance or self- acceptance. This is a major factor when discussing personality because how we perceive ourselves, reflects onto others. Erikson’s eight stages of psychological development consist of infancy, early childhood, preschool, middle school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age and old age. He indicates that during each stage of life a person experiences a psychological crisis, which could aid in a negative or positive result. During the infancy stage, the psychological crisis is trust vs. mistrust, meaning total dependence on the mother or father. If either or both parents show love and attention, then the child will develop trust, or otherwise mistrust if neglected. Early childhood, around the ages two to three years old a child becomes more mobile and shows signs of independence. The caregivers will either assist the child in all their needs or wait patiently as they figure them out on their own. Erikson distinguishes the importance of allowing children to face their own challenges with the tolerance of failure. This will provide the willingness to push through hard times and overcome adversity. Stage 3, initiative vs. guilt describes the interaction between other children and their ability to make decisions. A child will initiate activity with others continuously when he or she feels secure. Nevertheless, when children are told ‘no’ they react with feelings of guilt. The fourth stage of Erikson’s theory begins to explain inferiority. In this stage, a student will be introduced to teachers who become a major part of a child’s psychological development. With encouragement, children will feel confident in themselves, whereas negative reinforcement may cause self-doubt. Identity vs.
Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of development is made up of eight stages that span the lifetime. The stages correspond to a specific age and provide a blueprint for what to expect universally from someone in that stage in terms of social development. Erikson believed
Erik Erikson defined this period of psychosocial development. It occurs during ages three to six. He called this stage initiative versus guilt. During this stage, the child is faced with taking independent action and dealing with the results. They are exploring different things and taking risks. The child, during this stage, is trying to find their identity apart from their parents, or their self-concept (Feldman, 2011). They will attempt to imitate their parents. If the parents dislike what they are doing, a sense of guilt may occur in the child (Fleming, 2004). If there is positive reinforcement of the child’s behavior or questions, initiative will be the result (Elkind, 1970). They will have to experience both initiative and guilt to come to an appropriate resolution. Whichever strength arises during this stage will help shape their identity. If the strength is the opposite of the basic strength, this can lead to issues. If they succeed, the child will find a sense of purpose. However, if they fail, they will get a sense of inhibition. This greatly influences a child’s psychosocial development. The child must pass this stage to move on to the next stage. (Fleming,
...omplished candidate. While morality plays an important part in day-to-day life, it is a small footnote in the large spectrum of developmental psychology. Erikson did a greater service to the field because he developed a more in-depth, thought out, relevant theory. His theory also has more uses than Kohlberg’s. Erikson’s theory can be applied to parenting, counseling, education and more.
Facts about psychosocial development are that there are eight sages in Erikson’s theory. The eight stages range from infancy to adult and include the following; Trust vs. Mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. Since my paper is subjected on early childhood I will discuss Erikson’s theory on early child hood psychosocial development. Erikson’s theory suggests that kids ages 3 – 5 are developing initiative vs. guilt. At this stage preschoolers children learn to take responsibility for their own behavior s they develop self-control (Cicceralli & White, 2015, p.304). When they are at this stage they love to try everything on their own, and when they succeed at what they are try they feel like a “big” girl or boy. When they succeed they will take the initiative to try more but when they don’t succeed they feel let down and you have to give a little pep talk to encourage them to keep trying. I watch my four-year-old daughter try everything these days. She doesn’t shy away from try to do everything by herself it can be any where from getting dress to bathing. When she succeeds at the task you don’t have to tell her she’s a big girl shell beat you to it. Now some task I’ll watch her try to do and if she starts to have a hard time she tries to wine about it, but I encourage he to keep trying and tell her what adjustments to make. Its great seeing her want to take that step towards being this independent little kid because there isn’t much she
Thus, all infants at this particular stage get involved or attempt to involve themselves with learning all about the new environment around them. This preliminary stage has a solid bond with environmental stimuli. The various situations/things that infants experience during this time has a powerful influence on his/her growth, both mental and physical, which carries out throughout his/her entire life.
I made a question regarding each stage as it applied to the child’s age. As a result of the interviews with the two different families, I concluded that their responses supported Erikson’s developmental stages. I started with Erikson’s first stage of development “ Trust vs. Mistrust (infants 0 to 1 year old)”. This is the stage were infants ask the question: Is the world a trustworthy place? During this stage, infants learn to know on whom they can rely on and based on the responses of these two families, their child most likely learned trust because the parents seem to know how to meet their child’s needs. Followed by the second stage “Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers 2 to 3 years)”. In this stage children learn to become independent, they do things on their own rather than relaying on someone else. For the most part the two children of these particular families developed autonomy. Parents said they were patients about their child’s development, but parent 1 noted that she did push her child a little if she knew her child was could do more sooner. Regarding the third stage “Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3 to 6 years)” the children of these two families most likely to experience guilt after initiating something they knew if was not necessarily good for them. Parents from both families demonstrated to have a demanding reaction towards their child in these situations. The fourth stage “Industry (competence) vs. Inferiority” only applied to one the first family. The child of this family showed more signs of industry. Because of her mother’s reaction towards her actions, it was probably easier for the child to answer the main question in this stage: How can I be good? For example, the mother rewarded her child when got a good grade in school, this reaction will most likely let the child to develop competence and start to be doing things that make her
Erikson believed that a person's personality is determined by how he deals with particular problems during specific stages during his life. A brief outline of the six relevant stages which would be encountered in this article (the first six stages) would go as follows. First, would be Trust verses Mistrust. This stage takes place during the first twelve to eighteen months of a child's life. During this time the girl in the article lost her father and her mother showed no compassion for her. Her mother brought home boyfriends who were not only unsupportive but actually made sexual advances toward her on some occasions.
Self-criticism and guilt are also common at this age, as the child feels that they may not fulfil expectations of those they value, especially if initiative is dismissed or discouraged (Hill, Hall & Glew, 2017). Erikson’s theory states that ‘purpose’ is the virtue that comes from a balance between the initiative and guilt (McLeod, 2017). Early childhood is a time when children venture away from their parents for longer periods of time often attending day care or preschool as is Jack in this scenario. Children at this stage of development enjoy social interaction, ’playing with’ rather than playing next to peers, the cooperation and companionship they learn during this play will be of benefit to them when they enter the realms of school and adolescence. Paulus (2015) explains that during this development stage children some children are also developing empathy and can understand when someone is hurt and will often comfort them. The theory of Erikson views social influences, skills and attitudes as crucial to the developing child to understand themselves as members of society. Social development is an essential element to the growing child and can be negatively or positively affected by many
Erik Erikson was a psychologist made famous for his ideas on psychosocial development. “Identity crisis” is a term he coined within his career describing what results from an unsuccessful completion of a psychosocial stage of development. In Erikson’s theory, children advance following an order that is predetermined. He focused less on cognitive development and more so on how one relates with others in social interactions. Each stage of Erikson’s theory of development has one of two outcomes. A wholesome identity ensues when completion happens within a stage along with effective communication with others. When a stage is not completed successfully, the individual may become “stuck,” but may complete the stage at a later time. The first stage in Erikson’s theory is trust versus mistrust. A child comprehends the meaning of trust in others by trusting his or her caregiver. This stage begins at birth and lasts to one year of age. In the event that trust successfully develops, he or she attains security within the world and is able to maintain this security even when threatened. If this stage is not completed, it may result in a marked inability to trust and perception that the world is inconsistent, resulting in anxiety, mistrust, and insecurities. Autonomy versus shame and doubt occurs between the ages of one and three. This is when a child begins to assert his or her independence through separation from caregivers, choosing his or her own toy, and making choices about what he or she prefers. If an individual in this stage is supported in his or her increased individuality, he or she will develop secure in his or her survival. If an individual is condemned, excessively controlled, or is not allowed to assert his or her desires, he or...
Erik Erikson viewed socioemotional development as the challenges that we faced throughout life and he also created the eight stages of socioemotional development: infancy, toddlerhood preschool, preadolescence, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age to explain how we go through life (Macionis, 2017). The social theories of development were viewed differently by a sociologist named George Herbert Mead, who viewed that our identities are developed through social interaction and in order to engage in that process, we have to view ourselves through the eyes of the people around us (Theories of Self-Development). How this relates to my social group is that the members of my family experience socioemotional development differently. We are all going the different stages of life and developing in our own way and we all have our own individual social groups of friends and others to help go through