Sexually transmitted diseases are known for their prevalence, who they infect, and if they are curable. The subject of this paper focuses around Neisseria gonorrhea. This research paper will talk about the epidemiology, transmission of the disease, clinical factors of the disease, diagnosis of the disease, treatment, and the long lasting problems associated with the disease.
Gonorrhea comes from the group Neisseria and is then classified as Neisseria gonorrhea or N. gonorrhea. According to a book titled Medical Microbiology, N. gonorrhea cells are described as, “Cells are Gram-negative cocci, usually seen in pairs with the adjacent sides flattened ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 um in diameter”(Morse., 1996). In addition, according to an article
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gonorrhea. According to Badash, the people who are most at risk are those who do not practice abstinence, who have multiple sex partners, and who also have unprotected sex (2013). The CDC also states that anyone who is participating in any sexual activity can be infected and that the most common victims are African Americans and people falling within the age of 15-24. (2014). Sex, as referred to in the prior sentence, includes vaginal, anal and oral sex. The CDC advises that any male who has intercourse with other males should be tested every year. The website goes on to advise that any woman who is sexually active with multiple partners should be tested once a year as well (2014). An article titled Diagnoses, treatment and prevention of gonorrhea, explains that the disease occurs mainly in large-scaled cities (Turner et al., 2014). Knowing who is most at risk for the sexually transmitted disease can help us prevent the disease from …show more content…
In 2013, gonorrhea reports were as high as 333,004 (CDC, 2014). The number of cases reported is not necessarily the true number of how many cases of N. gonorrhea were present in that year. Some cases of the disease are not reported. According to Turner et al. “…Gonorrhea is the second most common bacterial STI in England…” (Turner et al., 2014). The CDC states, “820,000 people in the United States get new gonorrheal infections, and less than half of these infections are detected and reported to the CDC (CDC, 2014). The big concern is how is this disease transmitted from person to person. N. gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease and therefore is transmitted through sex but that is not the only course of transmission. The CDC Gonorrhea Fact sheet explains that it is transmitted through any sexual contact with the male or female genitalia and also can be transmitted through childbirth (2014). The CDC also goes on to explain that ejaculation does not take any part in the spread of Gonorrhea and that certain strains of N. gonorrhea are resistant to drugs (2014). Therefore, if a person believes they may have been contracted with gonorrhea they should seek a physicians help so that they can be diagnosed or so the disease can be ruled out as soon as
G. vaginalis cells are gram-negative to gram-variable. These cells are nonmotile, small, pleomorphic rods that do not have endospores, flagella, or typical capsules. In vaginal fluid smears, the Gram reaction may vary from positive to negative (Catlin, 1992). G. vaginalis is viewed in non-crowded areas in a Papanicolaou preparation. Their morphology and staining reactions are affected by the bacteria’s physiological state. Both coccobacilli and longer forms occur in 24 hour cultures of G. vaginalis on blood agar. Their average dimensions are 0.4 by 1.0 to 1.5µm. The cells do not elongate into filaments although they can be up to 2 to 3µm (Catlin, 1992).
(Relevancy Statement Being a college student you are most likely sexually active and between the ages of 15 and 24. This demographic group makes up three quarters of new infections.
...ell wall synthesis (8). Individuals who are allergic to Penicillin can be treated with alternative oral antibiotics such as Tetracycline or Doxycycline (3). These antibiotics work by inhibiting protein synthesis (8). During the course of treatment the individual should abstain from sexual contact with their partner until there are no sign and symptoms of the disease or confirmation of a negative blood work. Also individuals should be annually tested and receive necessary treatment if needed to reduce the risk of infecting others (6). Syphilis can be prevented in many ways. First and foremost is by being in a mutually monogamous relationship, the correct use of latex condoms if you are not in a monogamous relationship, also by providing education about the damages the disease can cause and how it can be prevented by not spreading the disease with one another (6).
Syphilis, the third most common sexually transmitted disease, affects 12 million new people each year and is the leading cause of stillbirths and deaths among newborns in many developing countries. 3 The causative agent of venereal syphilis is Treponema pallidum, under the Family Spirochaetaceae of the Order Spirochaetales. It is a spirochete, a helical to sinusoidal bacterium ranging from 5 to 15 microns in length. 2 T. pallidum multiplies by binary transverse fission and enter the body through mucous membranes (squamous or columnar epithelium cells) or minor breaks or abrasions in the skin. From there, it migrates to every corner of the body through the blood and lymphatic circulatory system, infecting virtually every bodily organ, including the nervous system. Infections can even reach the womb, infecting the newborn known as congenital syphilis .4
There is little at face value that would alert an educated individual to the severity and the danger of Syphilis – the bacterium which causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum, appears as nothing more than a simple bacterium. The bacterium is spiral in shape, and is classified as Gram Negative (meaning that the bacterium lacks a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall). Syphilis infects it's victims through a limited number of ways – the most common way, however, is by entrance through chafed, cracked skin and through mucous membranes. Because of this, Syphilis is so effectively transmitted through sexual contact and sexual activity that it is primarily known as a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). However, Syphilis does not limit itself to only the aforementioned modes of transportation. The disease is also effectively transmitted through blood transfusions, not to mention the passing of Syphilis from mother to child in the womb during pregnancy (CDC 2007).
...allergic to penicillin3. All individuals with a positive laboratory result for Syphilis and the sexual partners of those infected are treated3. Safe sex education, increasing public awareness and partner tracking of the infected individuals are being implemented to reduce the occurrence of Syphilis. A patient with syphilis should be taught to avoid sexual contact until they have finished their antibiotic therapy to prevent transmitting the infection to others 4. Patients should also be taught the importance of notifying all recent previous sexual partners so that they can be tested and be treated if necessary4. It may be embarrassing for infected individual, but the health care provider needs to stress the importance of disclosing the information to their sexual partners. All cases of syphilis cases need to be reported to the public health authorities4.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite minimal. This was one of the venereal diseases prostitutes hoped to contract since it resulted in infertility by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As documentation, diagnostic testing, and public awareness improved, there has been a decline in incidence reports, however, it is still considered a very common infectious disease.
SUMMARY: Chlamydia trachomatis is one the most prevalent bacteria that found in patients with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), which almost represent asymptomatic in society. Two hundred sixty urine samples of women in two groups (symptomatic and asymptomatic) were collected from patients attending STI clinic at Mehrad hospital in Tehran and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of C. trachomatis DNA. A total of 39 women in both group were infected (14.99%), which 27/130 person of them were in symptomatic group (20.76%), compared with 12/130 person in asymptomatic group (9.23%). A significant association was seen between C. trachomatis infections with history of STIs in both groups dependently and with urinary variable parameters such as WBC in each group independently, and with epithelial cells just in symptomatic women. The present study shows that screening strategies for chlamydial infections as part of routine investigations, especially in-married symptomatic women are
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection. The infection is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhea. It is described by a discharge and a burning sensation while urinating. Gonorrhoea is not typically a dangerous infection unless left untreated. In this case, the infection can cause pelvic inflammatory diseases and put the person at a high risk of infertility. (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, & McKay, 2015, p.360)
There are a lot of dangerous diseases in the world, some are more dangerous than others but it is important to know about the ones that can affect you. When it comes to these diseases you want to know more about them so you can protect yourself. In today’s society STDs have become a major issue. HIV/AIDS, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, the list goes on and on (Planned Parenthood). So with all of these STDs you need to be aware of the symptoms and understand what it is and what it does so you can protect yourself.
Anyone sexually active in Africa or India is by far more likely to be infected than people in other regions of the world. Also, the disease is most common in sexually active women under the age of twenty five that have unprotected sex often. Heterosexual men are also at a high risk for chlamydia. The disease is not as common among homosexual men and women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5% of heterosexual women aged between fifteen and twenty four have the disease, whereas about 1% of homesexual men are infected (CDC). Rebecca J Frey, a scientific editor, reported that chlamydia is the least common among homosexual men and women that are HIV negative. Frey continued to explain that the majority of homosexual men with chlamydia are also HIV positive
This infection is more common in young girls and women than men, due to many different reasons, especially the short length of the female urethra
Gonorrhea is a common infection due to the fact that signs and symptoms are often mild, missed or confused with other infections. (What Are the Symptoms & Signs of Gonorrhea n.d.).
Neonatal Gonorrheal Ophthalmia is an infection of a newborns eyes caused by gonorrhea. It is passed to the newborn from the infected mother during a vaginal delivery. It causes swollen eyes or a yellow/green discharge from the eyes. If left untreated it can cause blindness.