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An Essay of Elizabethan Theatre
theater in the Elizabethan era
An Essay of Elizabethan Theatre
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The English Renaissance Theatre was also known as the Early Modern English Theatre or Elizabethan Theatre. It occurred during the Reformation and 1642 when they were discontinued. There were many types of plays ranging from mystery, tragedy, masques to morality most had a biblical themes. Soon came the establishment of permanent theatres after plays were forbidden in 1572 in an effort to contain the spread of the plague. With the construction of permanent theatres came regular performances as well as well known playwrights many of whom were well educated but some were not. This brought forth William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Johnson.
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The English Renaissance Theatre became a reality when it was first established by James Burbage, in Shoreditch in 1576. Next came the “Curtain Theatre (1577), the Rose (1587), the Swan (1595), the Globe (1599), the Fortune (1600), and the Red Bull (1604)( New World Encyclopedia)”. Once the theatre had a permanent abode it became a very profitable venture. The theatre was a unifying experience for all who attended. Both young and old rich and poor attended and enjoyed the dramas. It was a means to spread knowledge and morality to those who otherwise would not have had such exposure. It was mostly geared toward the rich but with their patronage they would not have been able to thrive in such a society. The public theatres were built to certain specifications most were round in shape and three stories high. Many were built of timber and plaster but this changed after one of the theatres burned down. “Usually built of timber, lath, and plaster and with thatched roofs, the early theater...
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...se they had a passion for it not to make money. This means that they truly believed in what they were writing, making it irreplaceable.
Works Cited
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Greenblatt, Stephen, and M. H. Abrams. The Norton anthology of English literature the sixteenth; the early seventeenth century. 8th ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. Print
Licht, Meg. "Elysium: A prelude to Renaissance Theater. " Renaissance Quarterly 49.1 (1996): 1-36. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 1 Jul. 2011.
OUTLAND, ALLISON M. "'Ridden with a Welsh Goat': Parson Evans' Correction of Windsor's English Condition." English Literary Renaissance. 301-331. 2011. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 1 July 2011.
The Restoration in England was an era ripe for the development of new ideas in the arts. The return of the Stuart monarchy under Charles II marked the end of eighteen years of almost dictatorial control by Oliver Cromwell and his Puritan parliament. Cromwell had campaigned actively to halt all theatrical activity. In the end, however, his laws were actually responsible for helping move England forward in theatrical history. Actors, under Cromwell's laws, were to be apprehended a rogues if they were caught "in the act" so to speak of performing their trade. Some left their careers and sought employment elsewhere. Most, however, remained undaunted by parliament's threats. Productions continued quietly in tennis courts, inns and private houses. Officials were bribed to keep silent their knowledge of violations. The theater in England had moved indoors as it had already done in France and Italy. Although the reasons for the move were different, the end result was the same. Up until this time plays had always been performed outdoors in the early afternoon. Performances traditionally relied on sunlight, natural scenery, and minimal set pieces that could be easily transported from one location to another. Indoor productions required something much more elaborate. The preliminary concepts of scenic design and lighting design began to form in England in the late 1650's. During the Restoration, as controls were lifted, technical theater began to flourish. Many early examples of modern stage techniques were born between 1660 and 1800, making the Restoration a significant era in the history of scenic design and lighting for the theater. The art of scenic design did not begin in England. As early as 1570 the Italians were giving elaborate opera performances in the ducal courts using perspective scenes and various types of stage machinery. The French mimicked the design ideas of the Italian's and gave them a name, la scene a l'italienne. (Southern 221) Although Cromwell had banned public theater, opera was still considered a lawful art form. In England, just prior to the Restoration, John Webb designed the scenery for William D'avenant's 'opera' production of The Siege of Rhodes.
Greenblatt, Stephen, and M. H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 9th ed. Vol. A. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. Print
Beacham, Richard C. Later Stages and Stagings. The Roman Theater and its Audience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press, 1992.
Stillinger, Jack, Deidre Lynch, Stephen Greenblatt, and M H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume D. New York, N.Y: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print.
Elizabethan acting was far from ‘naturalistic.’ This statement is a widely debated topic. The repertory of the Elizabethan period was highly differed from that of today as was the demands on Elizabethan actors compared to today’s actors. Elizabethan playhouses in two weeks could often present “eleven performances of ten different plays”. Playhouses would not repeat the same play two days in a row. As an actor from the playhouses could often be all or a lot of these plays that were all running at the same time, the demands on the actor were huge. “In the total winter season from August 25, 1595, through February 28, 1596,” one company gave “one hundred and fifty performances of thirty different plays.” Actors were not only required to “commit to memory an amazing number of new plays each season,” but he also had to retain old and previous performances in case they were to be performed again. “A leading actor of the Lord Admiral’s company… , had to secure and retain command of about seventy-one different roles, of which number fifty-two or fifty-three were newly learned.” The huge repertory demands of the actors gave them little time for interpretation of roles.
Raffel, Burton. and Alexandra H. Olsen Poems and Prose from the Old English, (Yale University Press)Robert Bjork and John Niles,
The Globe Theater is widely known as the world’s greatest amphitheatre of its time, bringing in crowds of thousands of people. The Globe was also where most of the famous playwright, William Shakespeare, performed his plays. With its unique design, the audience was able to enjoy the plays. Inside of this round and globe-like structure, the people from all around the area packed into the seats to watch Shakespeare and his actors. Despite the Globe Theater’s success, the theater had gone through many shut downs and rebuilding projects. Finally, the Globe was demolished for the last time. It was not until years later that the theater was discovered. Now, people from around the world are learning about this amphitheater and its role in the Renaissance time period. The Globe Theater is known for its structure, audience and actors, and history.
Russell Brown, J. 1995. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Theatre. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The Globe Theatre was one of the most famous theatres during the Elizabethan Age.. The Elizabethan Era started in 1558 and lasted to 1603. The theatres from that time period were considered by many to be the best and most important part of the culture during that time. At the time many lives were being lost as a result of the Black Death disease which practically killed people every day, and so people needed something thrilling to turn to in order to escape this death sentencing disease. It all started with inn yard theatres. A group of persons would go travel throughout the different villages, performing for the residents in a market place or village square. Several persons would offer the actors a place to stay as they were performing throughout
...ressing plays, plays were definitely suppressed. Over the next decade, attempts to revive performances were made but this edict practically closed theaters, marking the end of Elizabethan drama.
Finke, Laura. Theatre Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3, Renaissance Re-Vision (Oct., 1994), pp. 356- 370
The name most associated with excellence in theatre is William Shakespeare. His plays, more than any other playwright, resonate through the ages. It may be safe to say that he has influenced more actors, directors, and playwrights than any thespian in the history of the stage. But what were his influences? During the Middle Ages theatre was dominated by morality, miracle, and mystery plays that were often staged by the church as a means to teach the illiterate masses about Christianity. It wasn’t until the early sixteenth century that Greek tragedy experienced a revival, in turn, inspiring a generation of renaissance playwrights.
The Norton Anthology: English Literature. Ninth Edition. Stephen Greenblatt, eds. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 460. Print.
The medieval age also saw some of the greatest contributions to theater. The biggest influence on later theater was the changing of the language used in the plays from Latin to the vernacular. This was crucial in spreading drama as it allowed the lower classes to understand the performances and contributed to the expansion of theater across Europe in the R...
Grierson, Herbert. Cross-Currents in 17th Century English Literature: The World, he Flesh, and the Spirit. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1958.