Empirical Research
Empirical research is defined by the context of two separate types of study. Both methods are of value to the researcher in his/her quest for better understanding of the test subjects. However, correlational and experimental studies each has its own set of qualifications which allow for differences in subject and matter. Scientifically, some of these are useful, though others could be viewed as problematic.
Correlational research is the process of studying the relationship between two variables. The examiner does not manipulate a relational study. Findings can either be positive, negative, or unrelated. Though scientific in the final statistical manner; the researcher uses his senses to observe and ultimately determine into which category a study falls. A positive correlation shows increases in both variables. Alternately, negative correlation looks at the increase in one variable, and the relation to the decrease in the other variable. There has to be an association between the two, or the result is unrelational.
The scientific element to a correlational study is a measurable expression of degree defined as the correlational coefficient. It is a practical technique that gives a representation to the study. Numbers correspond with the level of correlation from a negative one demonstrating a perfect negative correlation, to positive one, showing a precise positive correlation. A zero on this graph would indicate no relation, or an unrelational cor...
The scientific method is how psychologists gain knowledge about the mind and behavior. It is used by all scientists. The experimental method is the one way to engage the scientific method, and the only way to find a cause and effect in relationships. It is summarized in five steps, observing some phenomenon in the world, forming a hypothesis which is an educated prediction about relationships between two or more variables, examining the gathered information by using empirical research, determining what the results are and drawing them, and evaluating the results whether it will support the hypothesis or not. Researchers, at the end, submit their work for publication for all to see and read (King, 2016). There are three types of psychological research in the scientific method, descriptive research, correlation, and experimental research (King, 2016). The article The Effects of Negative Body Talk in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of College Students (Katrevich, Register, & Aruguete, 2014) is an example of the experimental method.
According to our book “anecdotes are first- or secondhand reports of personal experiences. They can include specific information about measures of learning, such as the number of errors made, but they are more often less specific” (Chance, 2014). And case study “examines a particular individual in considerable detail” (Chance, 2014). Last is experimental study “ is a study in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables (literally, things that vary) and measures the effects of this manipulation on one or more other variables” (Chance, 2014). The pros of experiment study is “control over variables, easy determination of cause and effect relationship, better results” (2014, Advantage and Disadvantage of Experimental Research). And the cons of experiment study is “failure to do experiement, creates artificial situations and subject to human error. (2014, Advantage and Disadvantage of Experimental Research). And the kind of experiment that statistical analysis is least likely to be necessary is anecdotes because they are personal experience and personal experience can be made up or not
Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships. In restricted circumstances, regression analysis can be used to infer causal relationships between the independent and dependent variables. However this can lead to illusions or false relationships, so caution is advisable;[2] for example, correlation does not imply
For centuries, the value of horses was known to farming and working communities, but it was not until very recently in history that people began to see the value of a horse for the disabled and mentally handicapped. Hippotherapy, as defined by Barbara Smith, is “the use of the horse as a medical treatment strategy and not as a method to teach riding.” Dozens of studies show the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of this specialized therapy for certain disorders. The horse provides a stepping stone to well-being for people with debilitating illnesses that otherwise could not achieve optimal wellness through conventional therapies.
Issac Newton was a great contributor to the mathematics and physics we use today and he is a well respected man.
In our corn/hand association example, the study population could have been limited to one geographical area, where lots of people eat corn and also happen to have large hands. The other alternative is that corn really does cause people to grow larger hands. But we would have to create a study that is large enough and also controls for a number of variables that can affect our results. However, even under the best circumstances, correlation is not the same as
Throughout history, women have had to fight for equality with men in the world. Today sexism continues to be a problem and women are still not completely treated the same way men are. Sexism is defined as discrimination or devaluation based on a person's sex (“Sexism-Dictionary.com”). Recently, the music industry shows sexism towards female artists. This not only allows male artists to have a more likely chance of being respected, but also affects the views audiences have on female artists. Sexism is shown in the music industry towards female artists.
Research is defined as systematic investigation in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (OUP, 2014). The biopsychosocial model has already been described.
The first method to be discussed and analysed are experimental methods. There is a variety of experimental methods including; laboratory, field and natural experiments. These methods are the most scientific method due to them being highly objective and systematic. In addition, this method is regarded as the most powerful research method used in psychology because of the potential to investigate the causes of events and therefore, identifying the cause and effect relationship. When carrying out an experiment the researcher intervenes directly in the situation being investigated. The researcher manipulates an independent variable (IV) in order to investigate whether there is a change in the dependent variable (DV). Any other variables that could have an
As you can see, Euler provided a great deal to the world of mathematics. From developing notation, formulas, and important constants, to proving formulas and equations that stumped most other mathematicians of his day, there was almost nothing he could not do that involved mathematics. He was an instrumental figure in developing the future of modern mathematics and is credited in help developing pre-calculus, calculus, and differential equations. While he is not a household name, he is very easily the greatest mathematician to have ever lived.
When two or more variables move in sympathy with the other, then they are said to be correlated. If both variables move in the same direction, then they are said to be positively correlated. If the variables move in opposite direction, then they are said to be negatively correlated. If they move haphazardly, then there is no correlation between them. Correlation analysis deals with the following:
Although their methods are not as up close and personal as those who study using the clinical method, they are certainly valuable. Experimental research is often regarded as the best form of research, due to its strict adherence to rigid research guidelines. Although neither of these two methods are infallible, each has its own merits and downfalls. In order to be best able to critique these methods one must have a general knowledge of each method, and an understanding of what has allowed them their staying power in the field of psychological research. The Clinical Research MethodThe clinical method of personality research developed literally at the patient’s bedside. During this time in the life of psychoanalytic research, the subjects were usually afflicted with one type of psychotic disorder or another.
Experimental designs are viewed as the most accurate, and most demanding of research designs, requiring strict attention to rules and procedures. Researchers use these research designs to manipulate and control testing procedures as a way to understand a cause and effect relationship. Commonly, independent variables are manipulated to judge or decide their effect on a dependent variable (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008).
There are hypotheses or questions that the researcher wants to address which includes predictions about the possible relationship between two they are investigating (variables). However, in order to find answers to these questions, the researcher will have different instruments and materials, paper/complete tests and observation
The Importance and Appropriateness of Utilizing Different Methodologies for Research. Introduction The process of research entails the logical as well as systematic search for useful data and information with regard to a specific topic (Jha, 2008). It is also comprised of the investigation of the best, most cost effective and appropriate solutions to both social and scientific issues, following an objective and logical analysis. Jha, (2008) defines research as the search for knowledge and the discovery of the truth. During this process, the data can be gathered from a wide pool of sources among them interviews, books, nature among others.The data can then be analyzed with the appropriate data analysis tools, so as to report the findings