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terrorism and its impact
terrorism and its impact
effect of terrorism in america
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Introduction
An emergency operations plan for the community in which we live is a document of great importance to each of us whether we know it or not. This paper examines the emergency action plan for Knoxville, Tennessee. In the course of the examination, it will compare and analyze the plan for Knoxville with the standards set forth in the textbook for this course along with other recognized sources in the field of emergency management.
Knoxville, Tennessee
With a population of nearly one hundred and seventy nine thousand in the city and nearly eight hundred and fifty thousand in the metropolitan area, Knoxville, Tennessee is the third largest city in Tennessee. Additionally it is the county seat for Knox County. Rich in American Civil War history, with close proximity to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the home of the Manhattan Project during World War II, home to the University of Tennessee and nestled up against the Great Smoky Mountains, the area has quite a bit at stake when preparing for, or responding to, an emergent situation.
Emergency Operations Plan
According the the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an emergency operations plan (EOP) dictates “who will do what, as well as when, with what resources, and by what authority--before, during, and immediately after an emergency” (FEMA, 1996). An effective EOP should contain a plan for all the potential disasters for a given region. These disasters would include natural disasters, man-man disasters including terrorist attacks, chemical weapon attacks and even nuclear war. The intent of the EOP is to publish a document intended to minimize the impact of the disaster, save lives while offering a path to recovery. In simple terms, an EOP “is the playbook by...
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...l. The document is of great importance to each of us. This paper examined the emergency action plan for Knoxville, Tennessee. It compared and analyzed the plan for Knoxville with the standards set forth in the textbook for this course along with other recognized sources in the field of emergency management. The plan Knoxville employs is a simple yet comprehensive plan intent on providing a disaster appropriate response and recovery process while attempting to keep its residents informed and as safe as possible.
References
Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA]. (1996). Guide for all-hazard emergency operations planning. Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov/pdf/plan/slg101.pdf
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P. (2014). The disciplines of emergency management: Preparedness. Introduction to emergency management (Fifth ed., ). Waltham: Elsevier.
Waugh, William L, and Gregory Streib. "Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management." Public Administration Review, 66.6 (2006): 131-140.
In making the decisions to protect people’s lives from hazards and disasters, evacuations sometimes become necessary. Of course early in the reaction to the incident, or the response phase, this may become a decision for local and state emergency managers. The San Diego, California wildfire which occurred in October 2007 caused a large scale evacuation. This essay is an analysis, and identification of lessons learned from the evacuation incident. As well a plan of personal recommendations and improvements will be made based on information covered in the National Housing strategy, and Robert Stafford Act.
It was striking in New Orleans in July 2004. Unfortunately, this exercise was not successful because of three reasons: the funding was cut off for the follow-up to the exercise, while planning it became evident that multiple workshops would be required, and the issue for medication for hurricane Katrina victims was not finalized. A scenario-based planning exercise process was quite effective. As Katrina approached, state officials knew they were not prepared enough, and it had not been completed. However, after the exercise, the government and local originations have learned how to prepare and practice in emergency
The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) serves as an effective and efficient facility for coordinating emergency response efforts. An EOC may serve in a number of uses including operations, training, meetings but its primary use is for the coordination of emergency response. An EOC is the physical location where an organization comes together during an emergency. The Emergency Operations Center may alternately be called the command center, the situation room, war room, the crisis management center, or another similar term. Regardless of the term, this is where the coordination of information and resources takes place. The EOC is not an incident command post; rather, it is the operations center where coordination and management decisions are facilitated (Eastern Michigan University, 2010). A fully capable emergency operations facility is an essential element of a comprehensive emergency management system and a necessity to ensure continuity of operations at Clemson
The purpose of the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) is to implement a comprehensive emergency management program for Howard County, MD that seeks to mitigate the effects of a hazard, to prepare for a disaster, to respond during emergencies, to take action to protect life and minimize damage and to establish a recovery system in order to return the community to its pre-disaster state.
Emergency Preparedness and Public Safety. (2014, January 31). NC DSDHH:. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://www.ncdhhs.gov/dsdhh/services/emergency.htm
Both man-made and natural disasters are often devastating, resource draining and disruptive. Having a basic plan ready for these types of disaster events is key to the success of executing and implementing, as well as assessing the aftermath. There are many different ways to create an emergency operations plan (EOP) to encompass a natural and/or man-made disaster, including following the six stage planning process, collection of information, and identification of threats and hazards. The most important aspect of the US emergency management system in preparing for, mitigating, and responding to man-made and natural disasters is the creation, implementation and assessment of a community’s EOP.
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P. (2010).Introduction to emergency management. (4th ed., pp. 1-26). Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
The National response plan outlines four key actions the disaster coordinator should take. They are gaining and maintaining situational awareness, activate and deploy key resources and capabilities, coordinating response actions and demobilizing. Throughout the response it is essential that responders have access to critical information. During the initial response effort the situation is will change rapidly. Situational awareness starts at the incident site. For this reason it is essential that decision makers have access to the right information at the right time. By establishing an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) all key responders are brought ...
An effective crisis management response plan outlines specific procedures for administrator, teachers, and students during evacuation emergencies. Administrators work with teachers, students, parents, law enforcement officers, business and community members, to develop an effective emergency and crises plan. The administrator provides leadership in developing and monitoring the school safety plan and also establishes procedures for emergency evacuation and crisis management at different stages of the plan. However, an effective leader develops a comprehensive prevention education plan, and regularly reviews the code of conduct manual for revisions and current laws.
The literature search will include a review of plans, research journals, and reports found through internet and personal meetings with officials. These meetings will be with emergency planners on information about preplanned evacuation routes, notifications, warning alerts, command structure, policies and any other procedures already put in place. The purpose of the meetings will be to gather any documented information they can release. Information will be gathered in other Atlantic and Gulf coast cities that are
Local, State and Federal government have unique roles which would allow the flow of communication and resources to transition smoothly during each stage of progression. The local and state level (first responders) are the most important source as they can assess, coordinate and notify the next available resources of what is needed. State and local governments are the front runners of planning for and managing the consequences of a terrorist incident using available resources in the critical hours before Federal assistance can arrive (Managing the Emergency Consequences of Terrorist Incidents, July 2002). A Terrorist Incident Appendix (TIA) was designed to mirror an Emergency Operations Plan in relations to terrorist incidents. The TIA consists of six phases: Initiation, Concept Development, Plan Development, Plan Review Development of supporting plans, procedures and materials and Validation of plans using tabletop, functional, and full scale exercises. The TIA should be compared to those plans of existing Emergency Operation Plans (EOP) in place at the local and state level. Comparing plans before and incident allows time for comparison and revision of the various functions which will prevent disconnects to ensure coordination and
Hazards pose risk to everyone. Our acceptance of the risks associated with hazards dictates where and how we live. As humans, we accept a certain amount of risk when choosing to live our daily lives. From time to time, a hazard becomes an emergent situation. Tornadoes in the Midwest, hurricanes along the Gulf Coast or earthquakes in California are all hazards that residents in those regions accept and live with. This paper will examine one hazard that caused a disaster requiring a response from emergency management personnel. Specifically, the hazard more closely examined here is an earthquake. With the recent twenty year anniversary covered by many media outlets, the January 17, 1994, Northridge, California earthquake to date is the most expensive earthquake in American history.
Emergency plan also very important because its can give direction for people in case something happen in the building for example fire, flooded, tornado and etc. According to International Records Management Trust(Emergency Planning for Records and Archives Services) means of emergency plan is Policies and procedures developed by an organisation to be used during an emergency or disaster to prevent or minimise damage to an organization , its people and its
Studies and experience from around the world have shown that evacuation plans, as with other emergency plans, are most effective when they are developed with all relevant stakeholders and reviewed regularly. The evacuation planning process provides an opportunity for all stakeholders to participate in discussions, allowing full consideration of the issues relevant for the area and for affected agencies. It also provides a relationship-building opportunity for those involved in the implementation of the plan and facilitates an awareness of the plan itself as it is