According to Sharf, (2008) the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder. EMDR requires that the clients visualize an upsetting memory and accompanying physical sensations. The clients repeat negative self-statements that they associate with the scene. The procedure is repeated again and again until the client’s anxiety is reduced. EMDR focuses on desensitizing strong emotional reasons in clients and help them to reframe their belief systems to accommodate new emotional states (Sharf, 2008). The goal of EMDR therapy is to process completely the experiences that are causing problems, and to include new ones that are needed for full health. EMDR focuses on desensitizing strong emotional reactions in clients and helps them to reframe their belief systems to accommodate new emotional states. The goal of EMDR therapy is to leave you with the emotions, understanding, and perspectives that will lead to healthy and useful behaviors and interactions (Sharf, 2008). Two Strengths of the EMDR Therapy The strengths of the EMDR therapy are that it uses elements of cognitive behavior and psychodynamic to treat clients. (1).EMDR therapy has eight phases of the treatment approach, they are; in phase one is the development of the treatment plan and getting the history from the client. In the second phase of the treatment is to teach the client coping skills needed to deal with stress in a positive manner. In phases three, four, and five the focus is on the therapist assisting the client into finding positive belief to replace negative ones. In the seventh phase the clients keeps a journal for the week. In that journal the client writes down anything that may trigger any negative ima... ... middle of paper ... ...g with suicidal and practicing self harm (Waltz, 2003). Insights I have gained from DBT Therapy DBT is effective when working with clients experiencing anxiety disorder and depression. Individuals in DBT therapy are taught to notice, rather than react to thoughts and behaviors. DBT teaches clients to accept their emotional reactions and learn to tolerate distress while being mindful of their present experiences. DBT has four stages for therapy. In stage one the pre-commitment stage is where the therapist explains what types of treatment the client will receive. In this stage the client must agree to stop all self harm behavior and work toward developing other coping skills. In stage two the goal is to assist the client into controlling her emotions. Stage three and four involve assisting the client to gain the ability to develop self respect (Waltz, 2003).
EMDR was developed in the late 1970’s by Francine Shapiro and was chiefly used on veterans of the Vietnam War. However it is now commonly used beyond the military population and is considered very effective in dealing with anxiety and depression. EMDR is used for individuals who have experienced severe trauma that continues to remain unresolved. The main objective of EMDR therapy is to desensitize patients to their stressful memories, reducing their persistent effects and allowing clients to develop more adaptive coping mechanisms. This is done in an eight-step procedure that includes having patients recall distressing images while being administered one of several types of dual sensory input, this including side to side eye movements, taping, or auditory tones. Bilateral stimulation is stimuli which are presented in left to right patterns. These can be in the form of auditory tones, hand...
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form a therapy that is short term, problem focused, cost effective, and can be provided to a broad range of disorders and is based on evidence based practices, in fact it is has the most substantial evidence based of all psychosocial therapies (Craske, 2017, p.3). Evidence based practice are strategies that have been proven to be effective through research and science. One goal of CBT is to decrease symptoms and improve the quality of life by replacing maladaptive behaviors, emotions and cognitive responses with adaptive responses (Craske, 2017, p.24). The behavioral intervention goal is to decrease maladaptive behavior and increase adaptive behavior. The goal of cognitive intervention is to modify maladaptive cognitions, self-statements or beliefs. CBT grew out of behavioral therapy and the social learning theory (Dobson, 2012, p.9). It wasn’t until the 1950s that CBT started to swarm the psychology field. Due to nonscientific psychoanalytic approaches, there was a need for a better form of intervention which ensued to behavioral therapy (Craske, 2017, p.9). Behavioral therapy included two types of principles classical and instrumental. Classical conditioning is based on response behavior and instrumental conditioning is more voluntary behavior (Craske, 2017, p.10). Although there was improvement in treatment, clinicians were still dissatisfied
Shaughnessy, M. F., & Mahan, V. (2002). An interview with Albert Ellis about rational emotive behavior therapy. North American Journal of Psychiatry, 4(3), 355-366.
Studies show that TF-CBT has been effective when working with children and reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and behavior problems following trauma (Cary & McMillen, 2011). Bisson and Andrew (2009) state through systematic review of adults, TF-CBT performed eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) and outperformed other treatments. The Kauffman Best Practices Project (2004) believes that TF-CBT is the “best practice” in the field of child abuse treatment.
DBT was originally developed to focus on individuals suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). As described by the National Institute of Mental Health, the criteria an individual must meet to be diagnosed with BPD are some of the following: extreme emotional reactions, a pattern of intense and stormy relationships with family, distorted and unstable self-image or sense of self, impulsive and dangerous behaviours, recurring suicidal/self-harming behaviours, intense and highly changeable moods, chronic feelings of emptiness/boredom, inappropriate and intense anger, and having stress-related paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms (n.d.). To meet the needs of these complex symptoms, a four module skills training group was developed to known as “DBT skills”, 1) mindfulness, 2) interpersonal effectiveness, 3) emotion regulation, and 4) distress tolerance (Feigenbaum, 2008). The model of DBT assumes that individuals with BPD lack in the areas of interpersonal, self-regulation, and distress tolerance skills, and recognize that an individual’s personal and environment factors are influenti...
Francine Shapiro developed the therapeutic intervention called Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) in 1987. In the ten years prior, Shapiro, a PhD in English Literature, took an interest in behavior therapy and when she was diagnosed with cancer, it was the impetus for her to focus on, “ the interplay of mind and external stressors” (Shapiro, 2001). The foundation of EMDR and its use is firmly committed to the belief that clinicians must be properly trained and supervised in the methods, through programs offered worldwide to increase the rate of success. EMDR has many components and a detailed structure, but in essence the premise insists that individuals early life experiences are integral in the formation of psychopathology. The overarching goal is for clients to convert this dysfunction “from the past and transform it in to something useful” (Shapiro, 2001). Studies have shown that EMDR is an evidence-based practice, effective for the treatment of psychological trauma, specifically Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. EMDR has also shown efficacy in the treatment of other mental health disorders and has been used in substance use treatment, often co-morbid with PTSD. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) states that people who have been exposed to trauma have higher likelihood of abusing substances.
Korman, L. M., & McMain, S. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy and the treatment of emotion dysregulation. Psychotherapy in Practice, 183-196.
“Ellis developed and popularized the ABC model of emotions, and later modified the model to the A-B-C-D-E approach. In the 1990's Ellis renamed his approach Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. In the 1960's, Aaron Beck, M.D. developed his approach called Cognitive Therapy. Beck's approach became known for its effective treatment of depression. Also in the 1960's Maxie C. Maultsby, Jr., M.D. (a student of Ellis') developed Rational Behavior Therapy. Maultsby's contributions were numerous, including his emphasis on client rational self-counseling skills and therapeutic homework. Maultsby's contributi...
In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010).
DBT includes the worldview of an individual taking into context the entirety of a client and not their initial presenting problem (s) (MacPherson, 2013). DBT involves the implementation of decreasing emotional irregularities as well as the behaviors connected to these emotions (Neece et al., 2013). DBT employs skills that allow clients to combat stress and situations that cannot be altered, allowing individuals the capability to accept and react to external stimuli with suicidal ideation or self-injury tactics (MacPherson, 2013). Researchers Neece et al (2013) argued that individuals that possess suicidal ideations and self-injury lack the skills to cope with less than ideal situations. Introducing positive reality based cognitions can assist the individual with succeeding in decreasing extremities (MacPherson, 2013). DBT has enveloped treatment modalities that entail individual therapy, group skills, telephone-based skills, and weekly sessions with a therapist (Neece et al.,
These types encompass Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Multimodal Therapy. For instance, an individual anguish from a quiet confidence that activates negative thoughts about his or her capacity or display. As a result of these patterns of negative thinking, the person might start averting social issues or passing up opportunities for advancement (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Cognitive behavior therapy frequently adapted for clients who are comfortable with contemplation. For CBT to be efficient, the Client must be eager to evaluate his or her logic and feelings. Such rumination may be difficult, but it is an excellent way to acquire how internal states impact outward behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy is also appropriate for people looking for an interim alternative treatment that does not inevitably contain pharmacological medication. One of the assets of CBT that aid clients was developing coping strategies that may be beneficial both now and in the
An American psychologist called Francine Shapiro developed The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in the 1980s. Dr. Shapiro was born on February 18th, 1948, she is currently 67 years old. She earned her PhD in clinical psychology from the Professional School of Psychological Studies in San Diego, California (Shapiro, 2015). Dr. Shapiro is a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, California (Shapiro, 2015). This therapy was created for the treatment of psychological traumas which led to controlled research studies about EMDR therapy (Trauma Recovery, 2015). She works in Northern California as a licensed clinical psychologist and author (Shapiro,
The cognitive processes that serve as the focus of treatment in CBT include perceptions, self-statements, attributions, expectations, beliefs, and images (Kazdin, 1994). Most cognitive-behavioral based techniques are applied in the context of psychotherapy sessions in which the clients are seen individually, or in a group, by professional therapists. Intervention programs are designed to help clients become aware of their maladaptive cognitive processes and teach them how to notice, catch, monitor, and interrupt the cognitive-affective-behavioral chains to produce more adaptive coping responses (Mah...
The counseling approach I most identify with is Cognitive Therapy (CT) by Aaron Beck. It concentrates on the part a person’s thought process has in dysfunction and intervention. I agree with Albert Ellis 's Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) and some aspects of the existential approach to counseling, but CT is my choice therapy. One of the primary beliefs in cognitive therapy is that a person 's perspective can influence emotional and behavioral reactions. I believe that if a person is able to reevaluate attitude and beliefs about a situation, the person can improve wellbeing. The person 's wellbeing can improve by altering the reactions he or she has to the situation and learning more
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) was established by Albert Ellis and he has found that what individuals accepted unequivocally influenced how they responded rationally. Accordingly, when their beliefs became irrational, it would make individuals feel skeptical, edgy or bad tempered and would even prompt pounding toward oneself state of mind (Psych Central.com, 2014). REBT is a pragmatic methodology to help people in taking care of and vanquishing troubles and in addition attaining objectives. REBT places a decent arrangement of its point of convergence on the present and locations state of mind, undesirable feelings and nonadaptive practices that can affect life fulfillment adversely. REBT additionally gives a show