Electrical Amplification
The creation and advancement of the electric amplifier began in 1906 with the invention of the triode, a form of electric amplification containing three active electrodes of which vacuum tubes are a variety, by De Forest (Leach, 1995). This invention became the primary focus of the amplification industry, resulting in the discovery of stable operating vacuum tubes by Langmuir of General Electric in 1913. Consequently, the Japanese established a vacuum tube laboratory in 1914 and created a prototype high-quality vacuum tube in 1916. With the beginning of radio broadcasts in Japan, in 1925, vacuum tube technology quickly spread to England and North America (Okamura, 1994). The electric pickup, a device that translates the disturbance in a magnet field into and electric signal, became practical enough for production in 1931, thus creating a need for electrical amplification. These first amplifiers, made by the company Electro String, had an output of approximately ten watts and utilized the same technologies as early radios, specifically vacuum tubes. The growing popularity of electrical amplification quickly caused demand for louder amplification. Leo Fender filled this need in 1949 with the first 50-watt amplifiers, which is still the standard wattage today. The late 1960s saw the next leap in amplifier technology in the invention of 100-watt amplifiers, which were loud enough for large arena-sized shows, by Jim Marshall (Hamm, 1972). In the 1970s, solid-state technology amplifiers replaced tube amplifier technology. These amplifiers were cheap and physically durable (Horowitz & Hill, 1989).
An Introduction to Electrical Amplification
At the most basic level, an electric amplifier is a device t...
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...gineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan website: http://bear.ces.cwru.edu/eecs_cad/tut_spice3_tube.html
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Leo Fender discussed this dilemma with his technical officer Freddy T. who went to witness one of Dick Dale’s concerts at the Rendezvous Ball room, California. Leo Fender went back to the drawing board to revise the design of his amplifier. A special 85 watt output transformer was created that could handle the wattage Dale desired to play at. This Transformer was able to create the sheer volume and grit that Dale desired. The next problem was that they now needed a speaker that could handle the wattage and not begin to burn from the sheer overload in electrical
Linder, Todd. “The Effects of Music on People's Behavior”. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec 2013. .
In 1877, Edison created his favorite invention of all; the phonograph. Edison actually created this by accident while trying to make a telephone, but after he finally perfected it, everyone wanted to know about how it worked. It became popular so quickly, that he was even invited to the White House to show off his new and unusual machine that mimicked sounds
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Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on 11 February 1847. He died in Orange, New Jersey on 18 October 1931. It can be said that Thomas Edison was one of the most influential people of the 19th century. Thomas Edison was responsible for many inventions that influenced America to become a more modernized country. His inventions are some of the most important inventions to date. Some examples of his inventions are the iridescent light bulb, carbon microphone, and the Kinetoscope or movie camera. Thomas Edison was a prism of history.
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The first theoretical statement of the middle-range MMM theory is that music produces the psychological response of altered mood leading to improved health outcomes (Murrock & Higgins, 2009). Based on the musical elements of rhythm, melody, pitch, harmony, and interval there are psychological responses that are elicited once music passes through the auditory cortex of the brain to process it (Murrock & Higgins, 2009). The right hemisphere of the brain helps with response and cognitive recognition of music and in turn is able to alter the mood, leading to various health outcomes (Murrock & Higgins, 2009). In a stu...
Produced sound from speakers has become so common and integrated in our daily lives it is often taken for granted. Living with inventions such as televisions, phones and radios, chances are you rarely ever have days with nothing but natural sounds. Yet, few people know the physics involved in the technology that allows us to listen to music in our living room although the band is miles away. This article will investigate and explain the physics and mechanism behind loudspeakers – both electromagnetic and electrostatic.
Campbell, Lewis and William Garnett. The Life of James Clerk Maxwell. London: Macmillian and Co. 1882.
By the time the 20th century arrived, vacuum tubes were invented that could transmit weak electrical signals which led to the formation of electromagnetic waves that led to the invention of the radio broadcast system (750). These vacuum tubes were discovered to be able to transmit currents through solid material, which led to the creation of transistors in the 1960’s (750).
The effects of electricity control much of our daily lives. Many of our gadgets and everyday tasks are run by this wonderful source of power. For example without electricity we would not be able to make a cup of coffee in the mourning, or even make a long distance call to family or friends. There have been several technological breakthroughs by many brilliant people throughout history regarding electricity. It has come from being discovered as a small current to being transformed into useful power to run such things as computers. Ben Franklin, Guglielmo Marconi, Thomas Edison, Paul Nipkow, and Charles Babbage have all contributed to the advancement of electricity, and all of their advancements have supplied society in many ways.
Weinberger, Norman M. “Music and the Brain.” Scientific American Special Edition 16.3 (2006): 36-43. Health Source- Consumer Edition. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.