Headphones has come a long way since its beginning. The device that was originally used for communication and military application has become an accessory that we wear in the street.
Headphone is a contraption that put two small loudspeakers over the ear of the user. Based on the size, headphone can be considered as circumaural or supra-aural. Based on the design, headphone can be considered as open back, closed back, or semi open. Circumaural headphone is headphone that fully encompasses the ear, as opposed to supra-aural headphone, which sits over the ear. Open back headphone is a headphone design where the back of the earcup is open. This leads to more ambient sound and a more natural feel. A closed back headphone have the back of the headphone
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It shows that the frequency that deviate up to 10 dB ranges from 6-51000 Hz and the frequency that deviate up to 3 dB ranges from 14-441000 Hz. This is over the hearing range of human that falls from 20 Hz up to 20000 Hz.
Meanwhile, the sound characteristic of Beats can be described as tight and it has a strong low frequency. Hip-hop and dance music, those with sampled kick sound, goes really well with the sound characteristic of Beats. And those types of music are the kind of music that Dr. Dre made and produces. So Dr. Dre actually design the sound characteristic of Beats to complement the music that he made. Below can be seen the frequency response of Beats. The first image shows the original signal played without Beats, and the second image shows the signal after going through Beats.
“Figure 2: Frequency response from original signal”
“Figure 3: Frequency response after signal goes through Beats”
We can see the bump from 60 to 100 Hz that characterize the strong low frequency. There is also a boost in the high frequency to help make the sound “better”
As far as design goes Beats also depart from traditional premium headphone
Technology nowadays is getting more and more dangerous, especially to our ears. Every day we are subjected to videos, text sounds, alert sounds, alarms, and anything else that may be of use in life. These sounds seem to be happening more often which is damaging our ears. There is a solution to this damage though, and that is cochlear implants. These implants will bypass the damaged part of your ear to give you a sense of sound that can be made very useful to the patient. This paper will look into how the ear works, how hearing loss happens, why these cochlear implants are a good solution, how these implants work, cost and ethics related to these implants, and what the future holds for them.
Motown paved the way for future artists to explore themselves. It helped created the grounds of a great music and cultural integration in the 1970’s to now and hopefully forever. Hip Hop’s arrival was credit to Motown triumphs in the musical world. Through the mixing of percussion and the rhythm of the drumbeats of funk and disco, hip hop revealed the opposition to social inequality and discrimination
In the middle ear the sound is amplified in order to move the fluid in the ear.
More than any other rapper, Dr. Dre was responsible for moving away from the avant-noise and political stance of Public Enemy and Boogie Down Productions, as well as the party vibes of old school rap. Instead, Dre pioneered gangsta rap and his own variation of the sound, G-Funk. BDP's early albums were hardcore but cautionary tales of the criminal mind, but Dre's records with N.W.A. celebrate the hedonistic, amoralistic side of gang life. Dre was never much of a rapper -- his rhymes were simple and his delivery was slow and clumsy -- but as a producer, he was extraordinary. With N.W.A. & C.A. he melded the noise collages of the Bomb Squad with funky rhythms.
Sound is a wave, which can change in pitch according to changing air pressure. It is produced by the vibrations of objects. Waves can be measured by speed (v), frequency (f), wavelength (λ), and period. The frequency of a wave describes how many cycles of a wave occur per unit time. A sound with a high frequency has more wavelengths in a set amount of time than a sound with a low frequency. High frequencies have smaller wavelengths, and low frequencies have larger wavelengths. The higher frequency, the higher the perceived pitch. The wavelength, frequency, and speed are all related by the equation: v = fλ. They can also be used in the equation: f = v/λ.
When a person is “hard of hearing” and are still able to hear some noise and sounds, they are able to get hearing aids. Hearing aids amplify the incoming sound and improve hearing ability. However, hearing aids cannot restore normal hearing. On the other hand, cochlear implants are used when a person has very little ability to hear in one or both ears. A cochlear implant results in a current being sent along the auditory nerve. This produces a sensation of hearing, although it is not a restoration of hearing. It is done through the surgical implantation of a device in the mastoid bone behind the ear. Externally, a microphone picks up sound from the environment, and a speech processor filters the sound selectively for audible speech and sends it to a transmitter, from which the processed sound signals are sent to the internal deice. Internally, a receiver and stimulator converts the signal into electric impulses which are sent to an array of electrodes, and from there to the brain through the auditory nerve system (Mackay 51).
Although our ears may seem small and insignificant, they’re actually a vast network of channels and inner workings made out of two subsystems, the peripheral and central auditory systems to be exact. The way each works is pretty simple, with the peripheral having the outer, middle, and inner ear. The central system on the other hand has only two functions because it goes from the cochlear nucleus and works its way up to the primary auditory complex. Each section is shaped in such a precise way as to better help the next step which is what I’m going to try to explain without messing up too much. What the auditory system in full does is take a wide range of mechanical signals and turns them into a sequence of electrical impulses directly sent
Several assistive listening devices can improve the communication ability of deaf children. According to IDEA, every child with a disability is entitled to have access to assistive technology (California Department of Education, 2004). The California Department of Education (2004) outlines IDEA’s definition of an assistive technology device. It explains that this device consists of “any item, piece of equipment or product system…that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a child with a disability” (California Department of Education, 2004, p. 1).
In addition, there may be electromagnetic interferences from medical equipment and nearby power sources that may degrade ABR responses making the waveforms unclear and difficult to interpret, which could result in an underestimation or overestimation of hearing loss. Also, it is argued that the auditory brainstem response is “not a true test of hearing” (phonakpro.com, online) because it reflects activity of the peripheral auditory system and brainstem pathways that are useful in peripheral sensitivity but it does not assess auditory function at the corticol level. It is also argued that behavioural testing should be included when an infant reaches a suitable age for a more accurate evaluation of hearing. Another limitation is that click ABR does not provide frequency specific information and does not produce a clear wave V, which is required for threshold estimation; therefore tone pip ABR must be carried out to provide frequency specific
Earbuds are damaging to your hearing, because your ears can only pick up so many wave frequencies. Our ears have a hard time comprehending high frequencies at a long rate, due to the shape of our ear canal. High volumes of high pitch sounds such as rock, pop, rap, jazz etc… can be harmful.
Raykar, V. C., Duraiswami, R., & Yegnanarayana, B. (2005). Extracting the frequencies of the pinna spectral notches in measured head related impulse responses. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(1), 364-374.
Harris, William. "How Noise-canceling Headphones Work." HowStuffWorks. N.p., 15 Feb. 2007. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. .
When a piping system is properly supported in according to the standards, the lowest natural frequency should not less than 4 or 5 Hz.
Raykar, V. C., Duraiswami, R., & Yegnanarayana, B. (2005). Extracting the frequencies of the pinna spectral notches in measured head related impulse responses. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(1), 364-374.
In almost every gymnasium, running track, or airplane that one has the chance to partake in will see a person wearing a set of headphones listening to some sort of digital media. The players are small and easily navigated by the user, showing that they are very easy to manage. The round scrolling touchpad, sleek design, shiny player that is carried in a sleeve worn on the arm or in a case that is worn on the belt is more than likely to be one of Apples iPod digital media player.