The present study was to designed to carriedout the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo nephroprotective activities of ethanolic extract of Aconitum heterophyllum root (EEAHR) in glycerol induced acute renal failure in Wistar albino rats. The antioxidant activity of EEAHR was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radical scavenging (NO assay), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 assay) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) scavenging activity assays. Twenty four Wistar albino rats were used and divided into four groups of six each for assessing the nephroprotective activity. The group 1 received normal saline, group-2 received hypertonic glycerol (8 ml/kg) alone and group 3 & 4 received glycerol + 250 mg/kg of EEAHR and glycerol + 500 mg/kg of EEAHR respectively. The EEAHR was given orally 60 minutes prior to glycerol injection. The renal injury was measured by serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total proteins, albumin, urine output and histopathological changes. Results showed the in vitro antioxidant activity was found to be equal to Vitamin C and in an in vivo study, EEAHR treated animals showed significant attenuation of biochemical parameters and histopathological changes of the kidney compared to glycerol treated group.. And it was found to be more siginificant with EEAHR500 mg/kg than 250mg/kg. To conclude the ethanolic extract of Aconitum heterophyllum root has shown significant in vitro antioxidant activity and nephroprotective activity in glycerol induced acute renal failure in Wistar albino rats and it is likely to be mediated through phytochemical constituents and its antioxidant activity.
Key words: Nephroprotective, Aconitum heterophyllum root, Antioxidant activity, Glycerol, acute re...
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...llidine, heteratisine, heterophyllisine, heterophyllidine, 20 α – atisine , 20 β – atisine, atidine, isotisine, hetidine, hetsinone and benzoylheteratisine, ajacine [12] & [13].
The ativihsa root powder mixed honey is used for cough irritations and bronchitis. It is also used in non-insulin dependent diabetes and enteric fevers in infants and children A. heterophyllum leaves are having good aphrodisiac action & diuretic effect. [14].
Pharmacological actions have been reported are antimicrobial, antifungal, cytotocxic, anti-oxidant,immune stimulating properties and analgesic [15]. It is also having anti-inflammatory activities [16], anti diarrheal [17]and hepatoprotective activity [18].
Hence, the present study to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Aconitum heterophyllum root in glycerol induced acute renal failure in Wistar albino rats.
Medical treatments such as chemotherapy used in cancer treatment, oral contraceptives, beta-adrenergic blockers used for controlling blood pressure and retinoids used for the treatment of acne and other skin diseases.
Discussion and Conclusions: Interpreting these results have concluded that relative reactivity of these three anilines in order of most reactive to least reactive go; Aniline > Anisole > Acetanilide. Aniline, has an NH2 , the most active substituent , and adds to any ortho/para position available on the ring. This data is confirmed with the product obtained, (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C). As for anisole, it has a strongly activating group attached, OMe an alkoxy group, and it added in two of the three available spots, both ortho. The results conclude: (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C ). Acetanilide has a strong activating group attached, acylamino group, but this group is large and the ortho positions are somewhat hindered so the majority of the product obtained added at the para position, results conclude: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C). Since all the substituents attached to the aromatic rings were activators the only products able to be obtained were ortho/para products.
PhenRx is comprised of a 377 mg proprietary blend containing 137 Trimethylxanthine, Synephrone HCL, Schizandrol, Beta Phenylethylamine, Yohimbine, Dimethyl 4 and Hydroxy Phenylethylamine.
4. Taibi DM, Bourguignon C, Taylor AG. Valerian use for sleep disturbances related to rheumatoid arthritis. Holist Nurs Pract. 2004;18(3):120-126.
useful in the relief of mild to moderate pain. It is also used as a cough remedy
Benefits & Side Effects - Drugs.com Herbal Database. 13 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. Drugs.com.
It is used for the treatment of arthritis and also for treating the back pain, shoulder pain and knee pain.
Aconite is a highly poisonous plant. There are many varieties/relatives of this plant, and those vary in medicinal properties and toxicity. All parts of the plant contain the poison, although the root is the thing most commo...
Sleepytim tea made from Tilia flowers is believed to help in boosting your immune system.
Between 1990 and 2011, 15 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). These drugs are Eslicarbazepine acetate, Felbamate, Gabapentin, Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Oxcarbazepine, Pregabalin, Retigablin, Rufinamide, Stiripentol, Tiagabine, Topiramate, Vigabatrin and Zonisamide.
Ultima, an elderly curandera, teaches a young boy about herbal remedies by gathering plants growing in the llano to cure the sick. She uses herbs like juniper, yerba del manso, oregano, manzanilla, and osha. Juniper can be used for nausea, headaches, and even some bug bites. It is also used for ceremonial fires. “Of all the plants we gathered none was endowed with so much magic as the yerba del manso” (Anya 39). Yerba del manso could cure burns, sores, piles, colic in babies, bleeding dysentery, and even rheumatism. Oregano can be used for coughs, fever, asthma, and bronchitis. “We wandered on and found some oregano, and we gathered plenty because this was not only a cure for coughs and fever but a spice my mother used for beans and meat" (Anya 40). Ultima also gathers an herb called manzanilla. Manzanilla is used to calm anxiety and settle stomachs. It also eases heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Ultima uses it to cure a man’s mollera illness. “We were also lucky to find some osha, because this plant grows better in the mountains . It is like yerba del manso, a cure for everything” (Anya 40). Osha helps with coughs, colds, cuts, bruises, stomach troubles and rheumatism. It can also keep poisonous snakes
Today, it’s still used to treat pain, headache and inflammatory conditions such as bursitis and tendinitis. The bark contains salicin, a chemical similar to aspirin. When combined with the herb's powerful anti-inflammatory plant compounds, flavonoids, salicin is thought to relieve pain (but not fever) and inflammation. In fact, aspirin is actually the brainchild of salicin.
There have been several claims for the use of acai- the whole tree from the berry to the root. The acai berry is used to treat diarrhea, the root for jaundice, the rind is used for skin ulcers and the seeds used to treat fevers. Other claims are for treatment of diabetes, liver disorders, hair loss, hemorrhage, kidney disease, and menstrual and muscle pain (Ulbricht et al. 2012). These are some of the unconventional uses that have been used in Brazil (Ulbricht et al. 2012). There are several claims that acai can treat several conditions in the United States. One claim is that it is used with the treatment of MS. There are no studies to evaluate the safety or effectiveness of acai in the treatment of MS (Bowling, A. ...
Green tea is made from the plant Camellia Sinensis’s leaves without fermentation (Suzuki, Miyoshi & Isemura, 2012) and is regarded as a popular and healthy drink in Asian countries because of its health-promoting potentials such as protecting against cancer and cardiovascular disease (Harvard Health Publications, 2012; Iwasaki et al., 2014). Lots of the positive effects are due to the antioxidative activity of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which is a major component of green tea (Suzuki et al., 2012). And it draws researchers’ interests and attentions to further investigate. According to Suzuki et al., one example of the health advantages is that catechins in green tea bring an anti-obesity effect by stimulating lipid metabolism in liver (2012).
Herbal remedies’ qualities are widespread availability, lower cost, effective for chronic conditions. Herbal remedies are the use of plants or plant extract to treat a person’ overall health. Herbal treatments are prominent for developing countries for instance, “in Africa up to 90% and in India 70% of the population depend on traditional medicine to help meet their health care needs” (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011), due to their low cost and availability. Herbal remedies have gained attention in the past decades, and expanding their uses due to the increased interest of natural therapies (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Herbs used on the remedies grow in the wild throughout the world, therefore making it easy to