2.0 Findings
2.1 Literature Review
The organizing of an international sports event can bring many benefits as well as adverse outcomes to the host country. However, this depends on the public as many people have different views on such event. This section covers past studies on hosting an international sports event which are reviewed to provide the information needed for the three research questions which were established in this research conducted.
2.1.1 What are the public’s views on Olympics?
2.1.2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of hosting the Olympics in Malaysia?
2.1.3 How will the Olympics affect the economy and the welfare of citizens?
2.1.1 Public’s views on the Olympics
After the London Olympics in 2012, Sports Minister Hugh (cited in BBC 2013) mentions that even after the Olympic has ended, people outside England could still recall about the events and would congratulate on organizing the best Olympic event. The Olympic legacy ambassador, Lord Coe, added that economy boost was undoubtedly distinguished and that a survey conducted regarding the Games after the event showed a good outcome (BBC 2013).
Prior to the bidding of which country to host the Olympic, Japan was chosen to host the 2020 Olympic. Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe proudly declared that such event can unite people and it was like a celebration in offering dreams and hope. In addition, he also wants to give back to the world for helping Japan after the 2011 earthquake by organizing a safer and secure Olympic event (CNN Staff 2013).
While in Rio, Gomes (cited in Smale 2012), agreed that the citizens of Brazil became more attracted to the Olympics after the 2012 Olympic in London. She concluded that according to the public, Rio would not gai...
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...and it provides job opportunities for local residents (C Phang 2013, interview, 11 October).
2.3.3 Disadvantages of hosting the Olympics
However, these jobs are only for a short-term and will lasts for the duration of the Olympic event. She mentions that Malaysia is not up to the state for athletics and that sports facilities would have to be supported and maintained, otherwise it could become non- beneficial to the country. One of the disadvantages Miss Cynthia agreed on is the probability of problem arising from the Olympic, which she added on by stating robbery will increase if the tourists are targeted by robbers. She concluded that the income earned from the Olympic Games will only cover the costs for the organizing of the event and this matters only goes to the organizations and individuals who are involved in the event (C Phang 2013, interview, 11 October).
Germany managed to retain their award and host the Games amidst the controversies. Even after the issues encountered during the 1936 Olympics, the Olympics Committee decided to award Germany another chance to host the games in 1940. Fortunately, Germany pulled out and the Games were cancelled.
Close, Paul, David Askew, and Xin Xu. The Beijing Olympics the Political Economy of a Sporting Mega-event.. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis, 2006.. 34-35
Since 776 BCE, the Olympics have been a way for people of different cultures to come together and compete in friendly competition. In 1892 the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, although it had been over a thousand years since the last game it still had brought together an assortment of different religions and ethnic groups together. Many factors shaping the Olympic Games reflect the changes that have taken place in our world since the last game in 393 CE in Greece such changes include woman’s suffrage, global economy, world wars, and proving competency.
There are many factors that have shaped the cutting edge Olympic development from 1892 to 2002. The unique objective was to make a global group through games rivalry. Much like the Ancient amusements between Greek city-expresses, the recreations were made to advance solidarity. Be that as it may, as time passed numerous overall occasions, for example, the Cold War and ladies' suffrage adjusted the objectives of the Olympics. Political perspectives and developments started to shape the Olympics. Furthermore, economic increases and interests turned into an essential part of the Olympics. The cooperation of countries amid the twentieth century included patriotism, and additionally social, political, and economic purposes behind joining and taking
As the base of this essay is on how the Olympics have been used in the
ABSTRACT: The purity of the Olympics has been smeared by scandal, corruption, boycotts, political disputes and even acts of terrorism. Sadly, politics have taken control of the Olympics and turned it into a political and money-making extravaganza. Olympic boycotts became a way for countries to protest each other. Hitler tried to use the Games to prove his belief of racial superiority. Wars interfered with the Olympics. Bloodshed even covered the Olympics, in the 1972 Munich Games where terrorists killed eleven Israeli Olympic members. Unfortunately, throughout Olympic history, politics have overshadowed the true focus of the Games. They were "intended to unite the countries of the world through friendly competition" not segregate them through politics (Siggers 1).
Hosting the Olympics comes with many perks for such as, prestige, the creation of new facilities and countless amounts of benefits. With so many things the Olympics has to offer, there can be numerous reasons why countries compete to be elected as the hosting country for the Olympics. The most common reason countries want to host the Olympic is because of its potential ability to improve the country’s economy significantly. With the entire world participating in the Olympics, the hosting country can market...
The Olympic Games plays a significant role in the world. The relationship between it and host countries is important to investigate for comprehending cultural studies. According to Xu and Kirby (2008), the Olympic Games has a considerable impact on the expression of national identity. For example, London applied this approach to promote its national identity. This can be discovered from the BBC video called James Bond escorts The Queen to the opening ceremony in 2012 (2012): an amiable identity is perceived by the audience through presenting corgi at Buckingham Palace. Moreover, China is no exception. There is an image about the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, it shows a spectacular drumming performance. In addition, an article about
The organizer have been missing a great opportunity to celebrate their games and enjoy the festivities because masses of cheering fans and Olympics revelers would help present their country in the possible light, as the games are being televised to an estimated worldwide audience of more than 4 billion.
The Olympics is a mega sport event which is presented once every four years and it has become a golden opportunity for hosts to emerge as a strong country. Hosting the Olympics is a big thing for every country and they receive worldwide attention from the preparation period until the actual event. However, hosting the Olympics comes with heavy stakes and experts tend to argue about the appropriateness for the countries to host it. There may be people who oppose with hosting the Olympics, however, the country rebranding, the economy hike and also the pride and patriotism of citizens just demonstrate the need of hosting the Olympics for the development of the country.
In every major sports event, like the FIFA World Cup or the Olympics, there’s always a huge celebration and a positive vibes surrounding such events. Hosting these events are usually a great honor to the selected countries and bring a lot of favorable consequences with it. However, no one realized that whenever these big sporting events occur and are hosted, brings as much negative consequences which counterbalances all the good things that comes with it. So, the question remains, is the Olympics a Cash Cow or a Money Pit to the hosting countries? In my opinion, the Olympics could actually bring more benefit that loss to the selected countries to host it, which are to bring positive economic and cultural benefits, either a Legacy or a Money pit for the hosting countries, hosting this event could promote development for the educational legacy and finally eradicating poverty throughout the citizens.
Global events benefit regional, tourism and community development. Take for instance the Commonwealth Games and the Olympics. They both are events held globally that increase visitor’s expenditure and length of stay while improving destination awareness and increasing civic pride. Janecko, Mules and Ritchie (2002) explain events in small regional destinations are obviously beneficial and often play an important role in tourism development and thereby in regional development however, differ due to size and scale of the event. Global events create employment and increase labour supply, expenditures and even the standard of living. ‘As local economics have adapted to changing to global dynamics, the hosting of international events has become more commonplace and can play a significant role in local development, acting as a catalysts for jo...
The public most concerned about who is the next host city every four years. Actually, who have the power to make the decision? The IOC Executive Board will first determine the procedure, and then will pass to the Session and hold the election. In general, the election wil...
Sports throughout history have shown close ties and relations to values and cultures of a society. Sports and competition have adapted and grown as the world and people have grown and developed. Sports are often seen as simple consequence of the industrial revolution. The Impact of increased urbanization, better communication and transportation, as well as more time and income for specialization, all led to the creation of sports. (szymanski). In essence As the public sphere grew so did the concept of sport. (Szymanski). Even the impact colonization had on spreading sports, shows the congruence between the development of society and development of modern sports. What make sports very unique is that they always bring about a sense of culture
Introduction Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerce and politics. Well-known throughout the world the games have been used to promote understanding and friendship among nations, but have also been a hotbed of political disputes and boycotts. The Olympic games started thousands of years ago and lasted over a millennium.. The symbolic power of the Games lived on after their demise, and came to life again as the modern Olympic Games being revived in the last century. Both the modern and Ancient Olympics have close similarities in there purpose and in there problems.