The effects of ammonium nitrate on c-fern spore germination
Introduction:
Organisms need their own set of nutrients. These nutrients are what help the cell survive so that the whole organism could survive. Organisms have their own set of nutrients. On earth there are three domains of life. These domains are the bacteria, Archaea, and eukarya (Brooker et al. 2013) most of the cells that are being researched and examined are cells in the domain Eukarya because cells in this domain usually exists in a multicellular complex. In the domain eukarya, the genus that was examined in this lab was Ceratopteris, which is also called c-fern; this plant is used in research to see how plant growth is affected by various changes that affect plant growth. (Lloyd, 1973) The reason that c-fern is used to do research is because of it’s developmental process. The reason why their life cycle is so unique is because it has a biphasic life cycle that has two independent diploid and haploid generations. (Hickok et al., 1995) This is useful because the haploid and the diploid can be isolated which will provide information on how each variable effect each different stage during each life cycle. (Hickok et al., 1995) another advantage of why c-ferns are used in research is because of their short life cycle. After inoculation, germination occurs in the following 3-4 days and full sexual maturity occurs between 6-8 days after germination. After one to two weeks, roots and leaves start to appear on the diploid sporophyte. (Hickok et al., 1995) these are the main reasons why c-ferns were chosen to see the effects of nitrogen on.
All plants including c-ferns need nitrogen in order to function properly. These plants need nitrogen because it is a main com...
... middle of paper ...
...atistical analysis was used to understand the data that was collected. The f-test was the first statistical analysis that was used in order to know if the next step would use the t-test or Welch’s approximate t-test.
Work cited:
Brooker R, Widmaier EP, Grahm LE, Stiling PD. 2013. Biology. 3rd edition.
Hickok LG, Warne TR, Fribourg RS. 1995. International Journal of Plant Sciences. Vol
156: 332-345
Lloyd RM. 1974. Systematics of the genus Ceratopteris Brongn. (Parkerianceae) II.
Taxonomy. Brittonia 26: 139-160
Melan MA, Whittier DP. 1990. Effects of inorganic nitrogen sources on spore
germination and gametophyte growth in Botrychium dissectum. Plant, Cell & Environment 13: 477-482.
Nachurs. (n.d.). Nitrogen: An essential element in crop production. Retrieved from
http://www.nachurs.com/nitrogen.html
All of the plants in the nightshade family are nitrogen containing plants, including nicotine. Nitrogen is the second most important supplements for plant growth, below water. Nitrogen can be found in many different forms. It moves around natural ecosystems through the nitrogen cycle. The different forms of nitrogen decide its whether or not it is available to plants or whether it escapes and is no longer able to provide plants. The amount of useable nitrogen and the percent that is lost from the soil affects the supportability of productivity. If it is mishandled it is possible to have economic loss to the producer and have an environmental
In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen. The greater the population density of C-ferns, the higher the concentration of antheridiogen; hence a high percentage of male gametophytes in the wild type cultures.
The “Fast Plant” experiment is an observation of a plants growth over the span of twenty-eight days. The objective is to observe how plants grow and use their resources throughout the span of their life. In our lab we observed the Brassica rapa, a herbaceous plant in the mustard family which has a short cycle which makes it a perfect plant to observe in this experiment. Like other plants the Brassica rapa must use the resources in the environment to create energy to complete itʻs life cycle and reproduce. By observing the plant it is easy to see in what organ or function the plant is using itʻs energy and resources and if overtime the resources switch to other part of the plants. By conducting this experiment we are able to observe where and how plants allocate their resources throughout their life by harvesting plants at different points in their life.
The text by Smith S.E & Read D.J recorded that in 1885 Frank A.B invented the word ‘Mycorrhizae’ which is a literal synonym of fungus-root. Many people tend to think of mushrooms and toadstools when it comes to the word fungus but it can also be found in decaying material and plant tissue within the soil where the fungus’s biomass is made up of a large scale of hyphae filaments. This is the main mode of vegetation growth. This system is known as Frank A.B invention ‘mycorrhizae’ and is a vital role in the functioning of the earth's ecosystem. Mycorrhizae is a fungus that grows inside or attached to the surface with the roots of a plant. By the action of the fungus and roots of a plant connecting, LaFantasie J. describes on her lesson that by
The basis for the symbiotic relationship in these species is complex. The infection of the host cell by rhizobia occurs within the plant’s root nodules. Bacteroides, gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, are isolated from the host cell by a peribacteroid membrane; the membrane between the plasma membrane of the cell and the membrane of the bacteroid. The bacteroid contains differentiated rhizobia, which are able to fix nitrogen due to the supply of carbon from the host plant. Sucrose is delivered to the nodules of the root via the phloem, where it is cleaved by suc synthase, and enters the Krebs cycle. The product of glyco...
During the following lab, an aquatic plant was covered with a funnel and was placed underwater inside a beaker, with a graduated cylinder (submerged in water) was placed over the neck of the funnel. This lab tested out which source of light which is the independent variable would allow the aquatic plant to produce the most bubbles (dependent variable) and photosynthesize the fastest. This is clearly displayed because when photosynthesis is produced underwater it appears in the form of bubbles inside the water. These bubbles will travel up through the funnel and displace the water in the graduated cylinder. The dependent variable was tested by placing the four, 5cm aquatic plants in the beakers directly in front of the sources of light and observing how many bubbles were produced within the period of 10 minutes and how much water was displaced by the oxygen bubbles. The beaker in front of the light source with the most bubbles produced and with the most displaced water performed photosynthesis faster than all the other light sources. The sources of light used for this lab were sunlight, florescent, red, and yellow lamp lights, and
... photosynthesize. Without the vital factors of; carbon dioxide, water, sunlight and chlorophyll, plants would not be able to photosynthesize and therefore would not be able to produce their own food and thus would die. Without plants there would be no life on earth as basically all animals are directly or indirectly reliant on plants for their food as they are not able to produce their own food like plants. It is therefore crucial that plants get all these factors that they need in order to photosynthesize because, they are so important for the well being of the whole world, not only for food but also giving us the oxygen we need to breathe and stay alive, as they let off oxygen as a bi-product. To further improve this experiment one could test how the amount of carbon dioxide influences the rate of photosynthesis and therefore the speed at which a plant can grow.
My group, fertilizer group 3, is testing the variables of plant color and number of leaves. Fertilizer can affect that drastically! Those two variables are basically what determine a healthy plant. Fertilizer can help to boost the minerals in the soil and give the plant what it needs to survive and be healthy.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
Organisms of all ecosystems rely on the mechanisms that have evolved for the sustainability of survival (Source 7). This is particularly applicable for the Eukaryote Kingdom, Plantae, (plant), of which is sessile. Due to their dormant nature, plants must be proficient in subsisting with the changing biotic and abiotic factors. As plants have no nervous system, plants rely on hormones (Source 1). Plant hormones are chemical messengers that are transported between the cells of a plant (Source 1, Source 3), and are responsible for several operations such as the growth of stems, leaves, and seed germination (Source 1).
Comparing the Fig. 14 and 15, it is clear that Nitrates do not have as fast an effect on the chlorophyll-a as TP does. The level of Nitrate starts at 0 mg/L (again, initial value of the study after winter season), and the predicted value of chlorophyll-a is 12 µg/L. The concentration of chlorophyll-a increases slowly until the value of Nitrate is 0.6 mg/L. At this point, the value of chlorophyll-a increases at a steeper slope until Nitrate reaches 1.6 mg/L.
The analysis of variance test is the initial step in factors that affect a given data set. Once the analysis of variance test is finished, the analyst performs additional testing on the methodical factors that measurably contribute to the data set's inconsistency. The analyst utilizes the analysis of the variance test results in an f-test to generate additional data that aligns with the proposed regression models.
Background Information: Over time the study of plants has revolutionized technology, allowing scientists to engineer solar panels, create cures and medicines, and even bring high definition television to the homes of millions. The examination of plants is interesting and useful, indeed, and this usefulness is definitely a factor in why the Photosynthesis Lab experiment was preformed.
The calculated result from the chi-square test gave a p-value of .0015. The null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted because the p-value was less than .05. The
Plant nutrition is area of plant biology that is of the utmost importance for the proliferation of plants. Without proper nutrition, plants would simply cease to exist unless drastic alterations were made. There are certain elements that are required for the plant to grow and reproduce; these elements are known as essential elements. There are three requirements of an essential element: the element must be required for the completion of the plant’s life cycle, the element must not be replaceable by another element in whole, and finally the element must be direction involved in the metabolism of the plant. Chemical compounds that are involved in proper nutrition have been designated as nutrients, and further classified as macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are needed for growth, metabolism, and many other functions, but are designated as “macro” because they are required in larger amounts. Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fat molecules. Micronutrients have a much wider function that depends on the exact micronutrient. Micronutrients are designated as so because they are needed in much smaller amounts when compared to macronutrients. Examples of micronutrients include vitamins and minerals.