Every day we come across people and situations that influence in our lives. Every speech we give or paper we write has a purpose, it is up to the author to make it appealing. What better way to appeal to an audience then relating to them on an emotional and logical level. Also many may sit and wonder why should I believe this author, what knowledge do they truly have on this subject? Well that is where the rhetorical appeal , ethos, comes in. The author must be credible in order to be deemed believable. A little background knowledge on an author might help. Jonathan Zimmerman is a former Peace Corps volunteer and also a former high school teacher. Zimmerman received a bachelor’s degree from Columbia University in 1983. Approximately 7 years later, he received a Masters of Arts from Johns Hopkins University. Finally he continued his education at Johns Hopkins University, and finished with his Doctorate of Philosophy. According to the (NYU Steinhardt), “Jonathan Zimmerman is Professor of Education and History and Director of the History of Education Program, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development.” Now that we have some insight on our author, Jonathan Zimmerman, let us take a closer look at the 1972 Title IX measure. This federal law forbids the discrimination based on sex, in all public schools. (UCSC) confirms that “The law states that, “no person in the United States shall on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” The battle between football and the federal law, Title IX, has been an ongoing war. For instance, in 1993 there was also an article demonstra... ... middle of paper ... ...cle was very persuading. I believe this article was intended for people who have a passion for sports, not just football. I am part of the targeted audience because I am a football fan. I was fully persuaded to believe that “Colleges are cutting other sports — and wrongly blaming the 1972 measure that outlawed sex discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal financial aid” (Zimmerman 1). In conclusion, Jonathan Zimmerman produced a very persuasive article, but if he had used more ethos it would have appealed to the audience more. Works Cited Zimmerman, Jonathan. “Blame Football, not Title IX.” latimes.com. Los Angeles Times, 09 January 2014. Web. 10 February 2014. “What is Title IX?” ucsc.edu. Regents of the University of California. 2014. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. “Jonathan Zimmerman.” nyu.edu. New York University. 2014. Web. 24 Feb. 2014
The impact left in this case, Jackson vs. Board of Education (2005), has been an issue that?s gone on for decades. It is a more recent encounter that shows it still exists in modern day. In Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education (1999) and Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) these cases both enforce Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 such as Jackson vs. Board of Education (2005). Rights to equal protection began in Brown vs. Board of Education (1954). This case left a huge impact on equal rights against sexual discrimination, discussing the importance of the 14th
Title IX is a federal law that states “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Summing that up, Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in education. Title IX has banned sex discrimination in schools since 1972. Title IX is best known for parceling obstacles in sports for women and girls, it also ameliorates for girls to pursue math and science, requires fair treatment for pregnant and parenting students, and protects students from bullying and sexual harassment, among other things. Title IX applies to all educational institutions. Both public and private,
The overall culture and importance that American society places on college sports is susceptible to debate and criticism. Are we spending too much time and money on college football? Well that’s for you to decide, “Get football out of our universities” by Steven Salzberg expresses his concern that we are emphasizing too much on football and not enough on education. He makes his argument that America would be much smarter if only we would eliminate college football all together; he feels college football is driving academia to its death. Steven is effective in persuading his readers by utilizing rhetorical strategies and he provides his readers with facts and solutions. While reading Stevens article, you will see rhetoric used throughout his essay; he intends to open the reader’s eyes to the epidemic that football is having on our colleges and universities and provides viable solutions.
Title IX has affected females’ access to higher education in so many ways. Before Title
Title IX and the Education Amendments of 1972 were created to defend equal opportunities for women of all ages. Since its inception 44 years ago, women have seen impressive strides as well as disappointing failures. Social prejudice continues to exist limiting female participation opportunities, benefits for female athletes, coaching opportunities, and increased exposure to sexual assault and abuse. Few institutions treat female athletes equally due to the lack of enforcement by collegiate athletic departments. The enforcement of Title IX has not been a priority among far too many educational institutions leaving women open to discrimination and mistreatment.
The debate over Title IX is a complex one, with many sides relentlessly attacking each other’s approaches regarding the law. The Title IX advocates, largely comprised of women’s organizations such as the National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), take the approach that the law is the major reason women have achieved somewhat equal opportunities in athletics. The NWLC contends that abolishing Title IX would undo years of progress so far achieved. In sharp contrast with the Title IX advocates are the Title IX opponents, who are largely comprised of the National Wrestling Coaches Association (...
Have you ever wondered what protects our right to an education free of sexual harassment and equal opportunity in school activities? Title IX does that.
Throughout the country young men and women are losing their priority for an education. To attend a university should be a highly cherished privilege, and it should be an even greater honor to play athletics for the university. Therefore, the writer supports the decision that the “student” comes before “athlete” in student-athlete. Playing for pay should be considered a job for “professionals”. In the rulebook, the NCAA views college athletes as armatures. This statement sums it up best. When athletes go to college, not all of them go in with the mindset that athletics is going to be their future job....
“Title IX is a law passed in 1972 that requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding” (“History”, Part. 2). Title IX covers 10 different aspects of gender equality (“History” Par. 3 ). The different aspects are: Access to Higher Education, Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students, Employment, Learning Environment, Math and Science, Standardized Testing and Technology, Sexual Harassment. One of the hardest areas to regulate is sexual harassment and assault because once it occurs there isn’t a lot you can do for the victim.
Beginning in the 1920s, public interest towards college sports sky rocketed with the growing opportunities of higher education for everyone, regardless of social status. This effect caused the Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Education to take a closer look into this fast growing industry in the “Carnegie Report” in 1929. The report made a plea to the NCAA to reduce the level of commercialization and improve academic integrity for all student-athletes. This is just the first time the NCAA receives this very recommendation. Post World War II brought another increase in college attendance with government financed aid to veterans. Widespread availability of televisions and radios lead to broadcasting of college sport events, bringing in a multitude of fans as well as the expected friends and family of athletes. Soon gambling and excessive means of recruiting tempted the industry and the NCAA was forced to...
This issue of Title IX affects our education system today because its rules are controversial as to what is really “equal.” For instance, if one particular sport at a university is extremely successful and is capable of supporting many other sports within the system, then, is it fair that that successful sports team should be penalized by limiting their funds? Should they have to support a team who has been added to the university to abide by Title IX rules, but are not making a profit? In the end, the ...
College sports has become like a job with players getting paid in scholarships, and the coach being the boss. The players must do what the coaches tell them to, and that is not always the best thing because coaches will do whatever it takes to win and earn money, even encouraging the use of drugs (Peck 36). Sometimes when coaches want players to come to their schools, they will give them preferential treatment and benefits while they participate in college sports regardless of NCAA rules (Saffici and Pellegrino 1 of 6). There is no doubt that college athletics are changing and becoming a big business, so the rules associated with how student-athletes are treated must change too (Saffici and Pellegrino 1 of 6).
Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.
Title IX is historically related to the social changes that were becoming increasingly noticed after the Civil Rights laws were coming to light. These social changes represented a national commitment to end discrimination and establish a mandate to bring the excluded into the mainstream (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). It was the federal government that utilized these laws, created by Title IX, to deliver the promise of all people’s equal opportunities and rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution to develop their talents. As an early example of the barriers set up before Title IX, Luci Baines Johnson, daughter of President J...
Winslow, Barbara. "The Historians Perspective of Title IX." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. 25 Mar. 2012. .