The project that will be tested is called The Effect of the Ion Engine propulsion system on a Space Shuttle launch. To effectively understand the project background information will be needed. The observers will need to understand the following terms which are: ions, ion engine, conservation of momentum, atoms, ionization and Newton’s law. It is also important to effectively understand why an ion system would be used and why it is the best, as well as being knowledgeable about the different components.
An ion is a “electrically charged atom or groups of atoms”. (works, 2009)Referring to positively and negatively charged atoms that are used to form an ion. A document discusses how in order for an atom to become an negative ion it has to receive/gain electrons. However for a atom to become a positive ion it has to lose electrons. Another name for a negative ion is anion and another name for a positive ion is cation. This is also known as the Ionization process. Ionization in general can take place in an liquid, solid, and/or gases. Ions are also known to form when a dissociation is occurred. When this particular process begins to occur oppositely charged ions begin to dissolve for example in water or another form of solvent. These are known as electrolytes When a These terms are important to know because the experiment deals with an ion space system. Including but not limiting to acids, bases, and salts. These are often a good conductor for electricity which is why they are typically used for these space engines. (works, 2009). It is important to understand the ion and how it is formed and why it reacts because it is used in our experiment. Which would help to better understand what everything is talking about. Especially since the ...
... middle of paper ...
...eated. Therefore making the data more reliable and able to differentiate greatly between the two. These terms/vocabulary are the most important thing to help understand the project.
Works Cited
“Ions and Ionization” 01 July 2009. HowStuffWorks.com http://science.howstuffworks.com/ions-and-ionization-info.htm 07 October 2013
Simberg, R. 28 March 2012 What Ion Propulsion Means for Boeing- And Our Future in Space
Popular Mechanics http://www.popularmechanics.com
Nave, R (2013) Hyper Physics. Retrieved October 7th 2013 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html Dodson, B. 6 March 2013 Gizmag Retrieved October 7, 2013 http://www.gizmag.com/improved-ion-engines-jet-propulsion-laboratory-erosion-lifetime/26323 Universitty, I.S. (2000-2001) Polaris Project Evening Star. Retrieved October 7,2013
http://www.polaris.iastate.edu/EveningStar/Unit5/unit5_sub1.htm
An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+ or hydrodium ionsH3O+ in solution. There are three “kinds of acids”: Arrhenius, BrØnsted-Lowry, and Lewis Acid. An Arrhenius acid is a substance the increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ or hydronium ions H3O+when dissolved in water. You must have water. A BrØnsted-Lowry acid is any substance that donates a hydrogen ion, H+ to another substance. A Lewis acid is any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons.A strong acid is one that breaks apart close to 100% when in solution (example HCl). When dissolved in water, HCl breaks apart into H+ and Cl- ions. Not all acids break apart. A weak acid is/are chemicals that do not break apart well. Acids have a sour taste, they are: corrosive and electrolytes. Acids react with active metals (group 1 or 2) to produce hydrogen gas, H2 They also react with bases to produce salt and water (a neutralization reaction). An Arrhenius base is any substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. A BrØnsted-Lowry base is one that accepts a hydrogen ion, H+. A Lewis base is any substance that donates a lone pair of electrons. Bases have a bitter taste, bases react with acids to produce a neutralization reaction, and solutions that are basic feel slippery. On the pH scale, 7 is neutral. An acidic solution will have a greater hydrogen ion than hydroxide ion concent...
allows the researchers to formulate their research question based on a gap in knowledge. The
A. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Space Technology. New York: Salamander, 1989. Launius, Roger D. Frontiers of Space Exploration. Westport, CN: Greenwood, 1998.
...rough, and detailed. It provides specific statistical data and measurements more appropriate for the medical and scientific community.
Ion and plasma drive are very similar they work electrically accelerating ions or plasma to provide thrust. The speed of the rocket is slow but it would run for much longer time than the nuclear chemical rockets (Tate, 2013).
In this paper you will learn so much about rockets you can become a rocket specialist. Many may ask how do rockets work? Many will respond that they are pushed against something but that is wrong. Since rocket's main purpose are to travel in space where there is nothing, not even air they can not rely on “something” to push themselves against in space. This is the right answer to how rockets work; Rockets use fuel, they burn the fuel and it turns into hot gas.
One example where rockets help students in school is science. Chemistry, one branch of science, is a huge part of rocket building because of the fact that the fuel is comp...
Electrolyte can be defined as the aqueous or molten substances which when dissolved in a solvent dissociates into ions and can transmit negatively charged ions.
Relating to the Audience: Of all the majors people are looking forward to in this classroom, there is not a single major that has not benefited from the space program. Thus it is important to analyze the most glaring threat this messiah of a program is facing.
The basic means of movement for the space shuttle can be explained in Isaac Newton's laws F=Ma and for every action, there is an equal and oposite reaction. The force, on the space shuttle, is equal to the mass of the shuttle multiplied by its acceleration. By burning fuel in a rocket engine on the back of the shuttle, a force on the shuttle equal to the mass of fuel being "thrown" out the stern of the craft multiplied by its acceleration. This basic physics formula is very important to the shuttle getting up into space and to the beginning of its deceleration on its return to earth. Thus it has a very real impact on weather the shuttle will survive the trip through the earth's atmosphere back to land. When the shuttle first enters the earth's atmosphere it is traveling at speeds topping 30,000 km/h. The shuttle has to decelerate to 0 km/h after it lands. The acceleration that it must endure to slow the shuttle is an incredibly large force on the structure of the craft.
The development of the Space shuttle has allowed many opportunities to explore the universe. There is so much about the other planets and space that we do not know about. Space shuttles allow people to travel into space and allow things to be sent into space. There has been six space shuttles: Enterprise, Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavor. Currently they are all on display at various museums and centers throughout the United States with the exception of the two, Challenger and Columbia, that were destroyed in flight. Space shuttles not only enable greater exploration, but they allow supplies to be taken to a space station.
This experiment will be conducted outdoors using water, a bottle, and launching equipment. All three of Newton’s laws will apply to this water rocket lab. The pressure will be measured in pounds per square inch (psi) using the bicycle pump and the horizontal displacement will be measured as the linear distance in meters (m) from the launching site to the location of first impact.
The recent grown in motivation for the study and developing of alternative propulsion systems is in great part of the clearly growth of the air transportation industry and this only means more fuel burning and a higher impact of the aviation industry on the environment and it will take many years until current aircraft are replaced with new gene...
Relating to the Audience: I believe that the Space Shuttle program has fascinated most if not all of you at some point of time, so much so that it has driven some of us to pursue Aerospace Engineering. Thus, it is a good idea to explore the program’s end result, the reason why it was started in the first place – To build the International Space Station.
c. Statistical Design: It concerns with the question of how many items are to be observed and how the information and data gathered are being