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Biochemical #2 lab
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The purpose of this experiment is to isolate myristic acid from the triglyceride, trimyristin, by using basic hydrolysis followed by acidification. First, tert-butyl methyl ether is utilized to extract the trimyristin and recrystallize from acetone to yield pure trimyristin. Sodium hydroxide, water, and ethanol are utilized to convert trimyristin to glycerol and sodium myristate. Finally, hydrogen chloride and water are applied to convert sodium myristate to myristic acid via hydrolysis. This experiment illustrates the paramount process of obtaining a pure organic yet medical compound from a natural source.
Reaction Scheme: Table of Reagents:
Compound MW (g/mol) BP (℃) MP (℃) Density (g/mL)
Trimyristin 723.16 311 56-57 0.85
NaOH 40.00 1388 318 2.13
Water (H2O) 18.02 100 0.00 1.00
HCl 36.46 -85.05 X 1.49
EtOH 46.07 78.29 0 0.79
Table of Products and Byproducts:
Compound
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Trimyristin was then processed to produce glycerol and sodium myristate using sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and water as reagents. After, hydrogen chloride and water were applied to convert sodium myristate to myristic acid via hydrolysis. In terms of reagents and product’s character, sodium myristate has the yellowish look in polar solutions like water because it is lipids that congregate into small droplet called a micelle. Thus, the nonpolar sides congregate on the inside of the micelle and polar ionic ends at the outside surface of the globule. The nonpolar inside dissolves the grease molecules and the ionic outside is washed away. As the result, the myristic acid will form.
Based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, one mole of trimyristin yields three moles of sodium myristates, therefore three moles of myristic acids are produced. In this experiment, 0.062 grams of trimyristin produced 0.05 grams of myristic acid. The percent yield is 84.75%. The 100% theoretical yield should be 0.059 grams of myristic
In the first section, the Synthesis of Aspirin, salicylic acid was weight to be 3.029 grams using mass by difference since it was weighed on a 150 milliliter beaker. 9.23 milliliters of the acetic anhydride and 14 drops of 85 percent phosphoric acid were added to this beaker. A Bunsen burner provided by the laboratory was then used to boil the just mixed combination by producing a flame underneath the positioned beaker on top, and then allowed to cool for several minutes after the Bunsen burner flame was terminated. Two quantities of distilled water were then added to this mixture to make it cool even further, which were 41 drops and 30 milliliters. After cooling for some time, this beaker was placed into an ice bath in order to start the crystallization process. A glass rod was used to scratch around the bottom and the sides to catch all of the crystallized Aspirin that was being formed during this whole process. Then, by using a Buchner funnel and filter paper, which was placed on top of the flask connected to a water aspirator with rubber tubing, the excess liquid was removed from the just scraped Aspirin crystals when the Aspirin was placed on the filter paper. Using a medicine dropper, the Aspirin crystals on the filter paper were washed with distilled water just so that any non-pure substances were removed from the crude product. When these crystals were then ultimately dry, they were placed on a watch glass and put into an oven for 30 minutes. Then they were weighed by mass by difference to yield 2.4667 grams of crude s...
Firstly, an amount of 40.90 g of NaCl was weighed using electronic balance (Adventurer™, Ohaus) and later was placed in a 500 ml beaker. Then, 6.05 g of Tris base, followed by 10.00 g of CTAB and 3.70 g of EDTA were added into the beaker. After that, 400 ml of sterilized distilled water, sdH2O was poured into the beaker to dissolve the substances. Then, the solution was stirred using the magnetic stirrer until the solution become crystal clear for about 3 hours on a hotplate stirrer (Lab Tech® LMS-1003). After the solution become clear, it was cool down to room temperature. Later, the solution was poured into 500 ml sterilized bottle. The bottle then was fully wrapped with aluminium foil to avoid from light. Next, 1 mL of 2-mercaptoethanol-β-mercapto was added into fully covered bottle. Lastly, the volume of the solution in the bottle was added with sdH2O until it reaches 500 ml. The bottle was labelled accordingly and was stored on chemical working bench.
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Mycobacterium is a bacillus –a rod shaped, cord forming, bacteria. The reason the organism creates problems for its host is due to the fact that its cell wall contains large wax like lipids called mycolic acids. Mycolic acids are strong hydrophobic molecules that form a lipid...
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The lab begins with reflux of the reaction to form an ester, followed by several extractions from an organic layer. To purify the ester, the compound is dried by gravity filtration with a drying agent, distilled using simple distillation, and recrystallized. The aldol condensation is reacted in a test tube and the solute is collected via vacuum filtration and recrystallized. The esterification procedure was performed first. To begin the lab, the heating mantle was set at the 6 setting, and the hot plate heat was turned on to low.
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...form 〖PbCrO〗_4 and then process it through a filter. After filtering the 〖PbCrO〗_4 I had to dry the 〖PbCrO〗_4 residue in the drying oven for 30 minutes at 80℃. Then let it cool for 5 minutes and weigh it and finally make a few calculations to obtain the theoretical, actual, and percent yields of 〖PbCrO〗_4. I was able to fulfill the experiment because I obtained all the answers to the equations in an accurate amount. I believe this experiment was a success due to my hypothesis of, If physical methods are used to separate 〖 PbCrO〗_4 precipitate from the reaction mixture then I can successfully calculate the theoretical, actual, and percent yields, being correct.
During the incubation, in an Erlenmeyer flask, 1X Tris Acetate EDTA (1 mL) and powder agarose (0.4 g) were dissolved in dH2O (49 mL). Then the solution was microwave for 2 minutes and allowed to cool to room temperature. Then SafeRed concentrate (2.5 µL) was added to the solution and it was poured into the gel box and allowed to solidify.
Good fats come from vegetables, nuts, seeds and fish. The two broad categories of beneficial fats include monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. The good healthy fats are liquid at room temperature, and do not solidify. They are different from saturated fats as that have fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to their carbon chains.
Erucic acid worked and is still used today. Erucic is extracted from canola/rapeseed. It distracts one of the enzymes, preventing it from metabolizing the wrong fatty acid. In many eastern countries canola was found to prevent heart disease.
According to the results shown, 2 M hydrochloric acid that was more concentrated had a faster rate of reaction than less concentrated 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. As could be seen from Figure 1: processed data, 2 M hydrochloric acid’s average water displacement of 9.1 cm was much larger than 0.5 M hydrochloric acid’s water displacement of 0.3 cm. Therefore, the trend of the reaction rate increasing as the concentration increased was shown. The hypothesis was supported by the evidence obtained from this experiment.
A mixture of ethyl acetoacetate 1 (7.52 g, 7.5 mL) in glacial acetic acid (18 mL) was prepared and cooled to 5oC while stirring. Sodium nitrate solution (2.1 g in 5 mL deionised water) was added at such a rate that the temperature of reaction did not exceed 7oC. Once this addition was complete the mixture was stirred with cooling for 10 minutes before being allowed to warm to room temperature.
A. a 0.112 per cent w/v solu-tion of orthophosphoric acid adjusted to pH 7.0 using a 4.2 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide,
Based on your experiments what is the formula of the colorless gas that is released when heating the malachite?