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Introduction pregnancy in adolescents
Risks of adolescent pregnancy to the mother
Introduction pregnancy in adolescents
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Gender
Gender is a determinant of health relevant to adolescent mothers as they are at risk for repeat pregnancies and at a higher risk for STIs if she is sexually active (Aujoulat et al, 2010). Repeat pregnancies for adolescent mothers is a common concern identified in the literature (Aujoulat et al., Chablani and Spinney, 2011, and Stiles, 2010). This is the rational for most interventions for adolescent mothers to include comprehensive healthcare,including contraception counseling and education.
Interventions and Strategies identified in the literature
Researchers have worked to identify strategies to engage and improve the health status of adolescent mothers. Strategies in the literature focus on increasing education, social support, and personal coping. An overall theme identified in these various strategies is the importance of engagement and the influence of the relationship between the health care worker and the client. Nevertheless, the literature search did not find any interventions that worked to improve income and social status, nor directly address the concern of ineffective parenting skills.
Circle of Care Project
Chablani and Spinney focused the Circle of Care (COC)project as a means to identify and engage high-risk adolescent parents(2011). COC is a partnership between the community-based organization Roca and the Massachusetts General hospital. For this project, researchers focused on adolescent mothers who do not have a stable home environment, such as those who are members of gangs, or have justice system involvement, as these situations lead to a high risk of unhealthy behaviours and negative parenting outcomes(Chablani & Spinney, 2011). This client group is typically excluded from parenting programs....
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...th of this program is that it lessened depressive symptoms after 12 weeks. The multidisciplinary approach brings multiple perspectives to the support adolescent mothers will receive. Although it seems to work in the short-term,the results of Brown et al’s 2007 study demonstrates that this program does not work in the long term for adolescent mothers. The study did determine that higher social support was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, a significant health concern for adolescent mothers(Brown et al, 2007). The
Provincial and local interventions and strategies
The community of Saint John and Province of New Brunswick provide minimal resources to adolescent mothers. A search for community programs specifically designed for adolescent mothers produced only three:Early Childhood Initiatives, Young Mother’s Support group and First Steps Housing Project.
Kaplan , L. & Girard, J. (1994). Strengthening high risk families. New York: Lexington Books.
Parents must be cooperative with their child as well into a specific resource center that dealt with indecisive mothers of raising their child(s) to help them suppress their child from joining gangs at an early age. Many parents are not aware of resource centers in their local area where they could seek an assistance and advice from someone expert (Social Worker or Psychologist) especially if their neighborhood is prone demographics of drugs, crimes, and some illegal substance. There are many kids that joined gangs because they are in a neighborhood prone to drugs and crimes where they could be influenced by it instantly by a flick of a finger. An article “What Schools Do to Help Prevent Gang – Joining” by Gary D. Gottfredson shows a statistics of students in certain cities percentage in joining gangs and not doing well at school. “Baltimore City 41%, Philadelphia 61%, and Albuquerque 49%.” Despite their value in reducing the general risk for problem behavior, school-based programs aid strategies are unlikely to reach youths who might be at greatest risk of joining gangs: those who have dropped out of school. Kids that are a drop out of schools are not getting much attention because some programs only focus or covered only those who are not yet involved in such case. It is mortifying to see that government has no action upon the situation. Gangs have a huge negative
Poverty is a major problem most teenage mother’s experience. “Between 2009 and 2010, roughly 48 percent of all mothers age 15 to 19 lived below the poverty line. Teenage mothers that live with their parents were somewhat better off, only 34 percent of them lives below the poverty line. As their children grow older, their likelihood of living in poverty increases. By the time the child reaches three years old, their likelihood of living in poverty increases to 50 percent”, (Stewart Ng and Kaye, 2012a, pp.2-3). According to the US Census Bureau “teen mothers are more than twice as likely as mothers between ages 25 and 29 to live in poverty” (As cited in Schuyler Center for Analysis and Advocacy, 2008, p.9).
As times continually change, it is inevitable that statistics will change as well. For each student that fails to graduate from high school, another statistic comes about. An American epidemic that forever seems to be looming on the horizon is the issue of teenage parenting and pregnancies. According to an article pertaining to teen pregnancies compiled from teenhelp.com, the United States has been deemed the leading nation for teenage pregnancies in the Western industrialized world. Due to this statistic, it is important to evaluate what can be done to set up teenage parents for success, as well as what can be done for children born in to young families. In an article on teenage parenting compiled by Linda Mangel, it is said that nearly seventy percent of teenage mothers do not complete their secondary education, and because of this, it becomes evident that a solution is crucial. Secondary schools would benefit from considering the implementation of daycare systems in order to increase the graduation rate for teen parents.
McNeil, S. N., Herschberger, J. K., & Nedela, M. N. (2013). Low-Income Families With Potential Adolescent Gang Involvement: A Structural Community Family Therapy Integration Model. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 41(2), 110-120. doi:10.1080/01926187.2011.649110
The alarming statistics of children that are living with an addicted parent within the United States today has become problematic and challenging to transform. According to Tower (2013) 12% of children that are eighteen or younger live with at least on parent that has an addiction to drugs or alcohol (p. 88). This is not a fixed statistic due to the fact that not all child welfare agencies keep statistical information on parents that abuse substances. Also, some drug treatment programs do not inquire on whether the substance abuser has children (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2009).
Lack of provision of these opportunities places teenagers on the trajectory for poverty, which in turn exposes them to teenage pregnancy. Teen pregnancy typically results in the inter-generation transmission of poverty and the cycle is more than likely to continue. Breaking this cycle becomes a challenge especially since daughters of teen mothers are three times more likely to become teenage mothers themselves. After school activities and providing opportunities for mentorship programs not only physically provides a space for growth but it also encourages teenagers to aspire to become more than what they see in their surrounding. Providing opportunities for positive social interactions with peers and peer discussion on various contraceptive methods allow the normalization and acceptance of these pregnancy prevention
Celia’s house designed to address the multitude of issues related to adolescent mothers and to give homeless mothers a second chance at success. Celia’s House goal is to put young mothers on a firm path of long-term economic stability which provides young mothers with support to become self-sufficient parents. Celia’s House is a non-institutional group home setting were teen mothers are provided with supportive relationships, counseling, educational incentives, and support for long-term economic independence, child development, and parenting and life skills.
In 2011, a total of 329,797 babies were born to women aged 15–19 years (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Most people in their late teenage years and early twenties, with the drive to be successful, are or should be in college. Instead, a large number of young women today are putting their life on the back burner because they are pregnant. With the recession going on in the United States, supporting and raising a baby while taking care of one’s self has become very strenuous. As teenagers, it’s almost impossible for them to imagine how much money and effort is required to have a baby. The people who decide to become parents at such young ages struggle to provide all that is necessary for themselves and their child. This makes it imperative for them to take advantage of the welfare system and all that it provides. As stated by the Baby Cost Calculator the first year after the child is born will cost $10,158 to provide for the baby’s necessities (Baby Center). That amount of money could easily cover two years of schooling at a small community college, or even a year at a university. Josefina J. Card states that “teen mothers are less likely to complete high school than their classmates, they are also more likely to end up on welfare” (Annual Review of Public Health). Teen pregnancy is not a matter that should be supported in any way.
Growing up I was always told to enjoy being young; now I see why. A plethora of young teens today become pregnant in high school. I just so happen to be one of those girls. I would have to say it was a life changing experience for me. As a result, the parallelism between the aspects of my life as a teenager and as a teen mom are stress, responsibility and my emotions.
Their Adolescent Children." Journal of Child & Family Studies 8.1 (1999): 91-108. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 17 Nov. 2009.
intervention. Families in Society. Vol. 88, pg. 42. Proquest Direct database. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
As articulated in this essay, Social support and its effects have a positive effect on individuals across a large variety of settings, both urban and rural as well as across all age groups and different life situations including substance rehabilitation, transition to motherhood and in relationships of abuse. The effects of social support are nearly all positive and include delay on the onset of cognitive decline, improved chance of sobriety, better feelings towards becoming a mother, increased nutrient intake, increased life expectancy and lowered likelihood of mental health issues.
The chosen health improvement initiative that is going to be studied within this community profile is reducing the amount of teenage pregna...
The concept of comprehensive social intervention has been defined as the process of identifying social problems in an attempt to eradicate them. In looking at the broad range of social characteristics and the behavior associated with teen pregnancy, it is obvious that the emphases placed on the effort to recognize and alleviate teen pregnancy can be celebrated through the effectiveness of education, family planning, and abstinence. However, the attempt to analyze and deal with the cause-and-effect relationship with teen pregnancy is an attempt in understanding the social world itself. In 2006, statistics show that there was a significant increase in teen pregnancy after a decade long decrease. The potential for understanding this increase motivates us to look beyond simple explanations for cause-and-effect behavior and to look at what interactions may be occurring between variables that result in specific behaviors or social conditions. What is it that influences behavior? In looking at teen pregnancy in the realm of the family, it is evident that a large number of family structures have evolved, or perhaps devolved, into a variety of combinations which challenge responsible parents to consistently expose their children to the role models and the types of behaviors that are important for their children to emulate as they mature. People are molded by circumstances and experiences, all of which can positively or negatively influence our behavior.