E-Governance: Its Prospectives, Opportunities And Threats In Nepal

Abstract

The world is rapidly transforming into information driven society, in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) are playing important and indispensable roles. The arrival of new ICTs has significantly enhanced our capabilities to collect, process, and distribute information. Keeping up with the 21st century, governments around the world are putting critical information online and interacting electronically with their citizens.

The ICT journey of Nepal started with the use of computer to process census data in 1971. The continuous growth in the sector can primarily be attributed to the private sector’s effort. Recent advances in ICT are providing unprecedented opportunities to the countries like Nepal in developing education, health, agriculture, tourism, trade and various other sectors. This has empowered the nation with the potential to overcome its geographical and economic challenges.

Awareness of ICT especially in urban areas has been growing rapidly. In addition, a sizeable human resource of different standards and base are being produced. Though, the deployment of ICT in Nepal remains uneven and is limited to selected urban areas. Connectivity costs are considerably high for the majority of the population and other requisite infrastructures are not in place.

However in recent years, with the formation of High Level Commission for Information Technology (HLCIT), the government has tried to play the role of facilitator. ICT policy 2000 with the vision “to place Nepal on the global map of Information Technology within the next five years” showed that the government has quite well visualized the resultant benefits and the proposed amendment; Electronic Transaction Act (ETA), establishment of IT parks etc. are some encouraging developments. Moreover the apex body has, rightly, taken the initiative to empower government through the use of ICT.

1. Introduction

Nepal is a geographically challenged country with about 26.4 million people scattered throughout remote mountainous areas, presenting formidable barriers to sustainable growth and development. The rural population is predominant, at 80% of the total population. Although nonagricultural activities are gradually contributing more to gross domestic product (GDP), agriculture is still Nepal’s main economic activity, employing more than 75% of the population and providing 38% of GDP. Weak public sector performance and the politics of exclusion have led to a breakdown between government and much of the population in Nepal. The transition toward a new form of government is showing some progress, albeit slow, in improving rapport with the people and genuine participation. However, public services are still weak, supplier-centered, and inaccessible. Modernization through e-development is imperative in a country like Nepal where the transition towards a new form of government is showing slow progress.