Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Nurse practitioners in primary care will often be presented by a woman having dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). This difficult to diagnose condition can be complex. According to Schuiling & Likis it accounts for one third of all annual gynecologic visits (2013, p. 610). The terms abnormal uterine bleeding and dysfunctional uterine bleeding has fallen out of favor and anovulatory uterine bleeding has become the standardized terminology. Because many clinicians still use it, this paper shall use the terminology of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).
DUB affects 50% of women worldwide (Schuiling & Likis, 2013, p. 610). This has a significant impact on the women’s life, family and career. When a woman has an episode of bleeding that differs from normal in amount, frequency, duration and timing, the term DUB can be applied when all other medical reasons have been ruled out. The menstrual cycle depends on a functional hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian cycle that regulates the hormonal events leading to a woman’s ability to bear children. Once a woman has established ovulation, they tend to have a regular pattern. Any deviation from this pattern can be a cause of concern for the woman.
There are two types of DUB. There is anovulatory bleeding or ovulatory dysfunctional bleeding. If the corpeus luteum fails to sustain the developing endometrium, it is considered anovulatory DUB. Ovulatory dysfunctional bleeding is related to the woman’s ovulation status which is directed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-ovarian-axis.
Symptoms of DUB are varied and are different from woman to woman. Frequents complaints are heavy vaginal bleeding that may be prolonged and dysmenorrhea if the bleeding is accompanied by...
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...ner was. They will remember how they were treated and how well the practitioner listened to them.
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Eden, Elizabeth. "HowStuffWorks "Pregnancy Complications in Older Mothers" HowStuffWorks. N.p., 16 Nov. 2006. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.
Gynaecological surgery refers to surgery performed on the female reproductive system For the purpose of this essay, I am going to discuss the role of the midwife in the care and management of a woman who has undergone a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing, 2014). It is major gynaecological surgery and the immediate post operative period is a very important time for recovery. As with every surgery, there are the associated risks attached. According to O'Connor et al, 2004, there is a 2% risk of infection, haemorrhage 0.5% and mortality 6-11 per 1000 regardless of which surgical method is used for the hysterectomy. Therefore, I am going to use relevant literature and guidelines to discuss
"Women's Health." Pap Test Procedure, Test Results, What Abnormal Results Mean, and More. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. .
According to Steen and Marchant (2007), 60-70% of women will require sutures after vaginal delivery. A common morbidity of lacerations in the perineum is acute pain (Steen et al., 2007). Indeed, many women who have had birth related lacerations have decreased mobility, difficulty sitting comfortably, or fear of defecation due to pain (Steen et al. 2007). Furthermore, this pain may impede a mother from breastfeeding, focusing on newborn care and can lead to increasing irritability (Steen et al., 2007).
should go through and if it doesn’t then the women has an irregular cycle. This process the movement of an egg to a fertilizing position, developing a lining in the uterus, then the shedding of that lining when the egg doesn’t become fertilized.
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Signs and symptoms according to Mayo Clinic: painful vaginal bleeding, rapid uterine contractions, uterine tenderness
U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Sept. 2011. Web. The Web. The Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is generally defined as a blood loss of more than 500 mL after a vaginal birth, more than 1000 mL after a cesarean section, and a ten percent decrease in hematocrit levels from pre to post birth measurements (Ward & Hisley, 2011). An early hemorrhage occurs within 24 hours of birth, with the greatest risk in the first four hours. A late hemorrhage happens after 24 hours of birth but less than six weeks after birth. Uterine atony—failure for the uterine myometrium to contract—is the most common postpartum hemorrhage (Venes, Ed.).(2013). Other etiologies include lower genital tract lacerations, uterine inversion, retained products of conception and bleeding disorders (Kawamura, Kondoh, Hamanishi, Kawasaki, & Fujita, (2014).
You have had previous tubal surgery. You have had previous surgery to have the fallopian tubes tied (tubal ligation). You have tubal problems or diseases.
It is the rupture of membranes after 37 weeks gestation, yet prior to the onset of labor
LINICAL EXAMINATION AND MANAGEMENT- PRE-HOSPITAL & HOSPITAL diagnosis Historically, without methods like quantitative determination of β-human chorionic gonadotropin and transvaginal ultrasound, the majority of ectopic pregnancies were only diagnosed after the break, which often made it an extremely urgent situation. Such situations required immediate and adequate medical attention. The only treatment was then to control the bleeding and remove the products of conception, performing salpingectomy. Today, with the help of methods such as Transvaginal ultrasonography and β-human chorionic gonadotropin are used to make early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
Endometriosis is when the endometrial lining of the uterus bleeds and attaches to other organs and healthy tissues in the body. There is no one organ endometriosis favors it had been known to attach to the bladder, bowel, intestines and fallopian tubes. All though it has been found in the lungs and heart.
Ed. David Zieve. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Feb. 2014. Web. The Web.