Dutch disease is a phenomenon that occurs when a country experiences a resource boom (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). This may be due to a major discovery or to a significant increase in the price of the resource (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). Thus, there is a high demand for the currency of the that country, which causes it to appreciate (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). Subsequently, the manufacturing sector suffers a decline, both in output and employment, because the local manufacturers have a difficulty competing domestically and abroad (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). It becomes a “disease” when the manufacturing sector is unable to rebound following the end of the resource boom (Beine, Bos, & Coulombe, 2012). This phenomenon was first observed in the Netherlands during the 1960s (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011).
The majority of Canada’s population is centralized in Ontario and Quebec (Brander, 2014). A large share of the economic activity in these two provinces is related to manufacturing (Brander, 2014). Meanwhile, western provinces are more closely connected to resource-based industries, such as mining, energy, and forestry (Brander, 2014). Provinces within Canada manage and tax their own natural resources (Boadway, Coulombe, & Tremblay, 2013). Thus, the geography of Canada combined with the jurisdiction for natural resources poses a problem when attempting to combat the Dutch disease (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). The resource boom is affecting two different parts of Canada (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). Western provinces, specifically Alberta, are benefiting from the resource boom in the oil and gas industry (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). Meanwhile, provinces with large manufacturing sectors, particularly Ontario and Quebec...
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Bimenyimana, C., & Vallée, L. (2011). Curing the Dutch disease in Canada. Policy Options, 75-79. Retrieved from http://archive.irpp.org/po/archive/nov11/bimenyimana.pdf
Boadway, R., Coulombe, S., & Tremblay, J-F. (2013). Canadian policy prescriptions for Dutch disease. IRPP Insight, 3, 1-26. Retrieved from http://www.irpp.org/assets/research/competitiveness/policy-prescriptions-dutch-disease/Boadway-no3.pdf
Brander, J. (2014). Government policy towards business (5th ed.). Mississauga, ON: Wiley.
Government of Alberta. (n.d.). Heritage Fund - Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://www.finance.alberta.ca/business/ahstf/faqs.html
Government of Alberta. (n.d.). Improving Albertans’ Quality of Life. Retrieved from http://www.finance.alberta.ca/business/ahstf/
Hill, C., & McKaig, T. (2012). Global business today (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
Nikiforuk’s article is written to argue a point and persuade the audience, non-specialist individuals, to his claim. There are many methods used to achieve this. Starting in the introduction Canada is glorified for what it used to be known for, then that image is quickly juxtaposed with the now dark and destabilized country because of the developing tar sands (Nikiforuk 211). This introduction, which uses pathos by using strong words to evoke negative e...
The Alberta tar sands have the second largest oil reserves in the entire world, only smaller than Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves. This vast supply of oil has created a large interest in the extraction and then production of different types of oil in Canada. The tar sands are believed to hold around 174.5 billion barrels of oil. The estimates are across the board but if it is true, the oil industry in Canada would become its largest export and substantially boost the economy. The tar sands were producing 53% of Canada’s oil output, but by the end of this year it will be around 83%. This number could increase to 99%, if the tar sands are fully taken advantage of. The extraction of oil has already begun and covers around 602 square kilometers of land. The problem is that ...
Canada’s ability to maintain a healthy income is important, for without it, Canada’s economy would not be functional. This is where Canada’s three main exports come into play. In 2013, Canada earned 133 billion dollars in exporting Mineral products, 123 billion dollars of that coming from mineral fuels, oils, products of their distillation, bituminous substances, and mineral waxes (Ibid.). With such a booming mineral industry, Canada receives a large income from mining that can be invested in schools, jobs, public projects, and many other important areas . Also, the earnings can be devoted towards small businesses looking to expand by using government funding programs, which helps support and expand Canadian economy (Mentor Works). Overall the money is used for activities that support the Canadian economy and make numerous people’s lives better.
In 2013, the European Union signed a trading pact with Canada in order both sides to increase their foreign market export and boost their economy sectors. This paper will examine the purpose of CETA and its impact on Canadian industry. The focus will be on food, drug, forestry, marine, and mining industries including water supplies in Canada.
In the 1800’s, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Belgium, among others, began to establish “socialized insurance policies” and medical care, which are still in effect today, while at the same time, the United States began to furthe...
LaPierre, T. A. (2012). Comparing the Canadian and US Systems of Health Care in an Era of Health Care Reform. Journal of Health Care Finance, 38(4), 1-18.
Canadian landform regions include the Interior Plains, Canadian Shield and the Western Cordillera, Innuitian Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands, Arctic and Hudson's Bay Lowlands. When studying the Interior Plains, we learned it’s a dry, flat land called the ‘breadbasket’ of Canada. The Interior Plains are made up of sedimentary rock. The topics covered in unit 3 were the levels of industry, resources, sustainability, trade and oil resources. The oil sand industry brings great impacts to Canada. This industry creates jobs and lowers taxes. It is also Canada’s largest and most important export. On the other hand, oil sands damage the environment and contaminate the water and air, which make people sick. These two ideas are connected because oil sands are found in the fossil fuels in sedimentary rock. Oil sands are extracted from sedimentary rock. We also learned that sedimentary rock is the only rock that contains fossil fuels. Oil is trapped within the layers of sediments and can be extracted by a well or open-pit mining. Without the Interior Plains, Canada wouldn’t have as much oil resources and have negative trade
Canada's health care concerns are primarily the result of federal and provincial cutbacks in an effort to eliminate the deficit (Gordon 1). Under the restructuring, governments have provided less money to the system resulting in hospital closures, lack of hospital beds, and operating rooms, cancellation or reduction of programs and restriction on the availability of new medical technologies (Gordon 3). All these have resulted in limiti...
There is a strong sentiment that the Western provinces are exploited by Central Canada for their resources, and then disregarded completely (Ferres, 1983, p. 99). Westerners were not fond of the National Energy Program, which was put in place in the 1980s by Pierre Elliott Trudeau’s Liberal government, giving the federal government more control over Western oil and its profits, to put it simply (Ferres, 1983, p. 97). Economists have said that petroleum revenues could actually be higher if Alberta specifically were to separate, which is simply fuel to the separatist fire (Hanson, 1975, p. 104). As well, Westerners believe that the federal government in Ottawa is ignorant and lacks knowledge about agriculture, meaning that they do not make helpful policy decisions for farmers and other labourers within the agricultural industry (Hanson, 1975, p.
Makarenko, J. (2007, April 1). Romanow Commission on the Future of Health Care: Findings and Recommendations | Mapleleafweb.com. Mapleleafweb.com | Canada's Premier Political Education Website!. Retrieved January 26, 2011, from http://www.mapleleafweb.com/features/romanow-commission-future-health-care-findings-and-recommendations
Canada is great economic superpower that has yet to reach its potential. As the second largest nation by area, we possess vast natural resources. We are a massive importer and exporter on the world stage, who a play a vital role in the stability of the northern hemisphere. Through Canada’s international trade, we export vast quantities of many different foods stuffs, minerals and manufactured goods like cars, while we tend to import lots of Iron, Aluminum and Steel. Our relations with neighbouring nations have been integral in the success of our trade. In 1994 Canada became a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA with the US and Mexico. NAFTA reorganized Canada’s and America’s trading systems to work as one. The trade issue of recent months is about the rising costs of energy in Canada and in the United States. Newly elected President George W. Bush now is proposing a North American energy initiative for a continental power grid. This proposal puts Canada in a very uncomfortable situation. On the one hand we would love to share our resources and appease our super-power to the south. But on the other we prefer to leave our pristine land alone. The growing trend nowadays is that politicians are the ones wanting to please the Americans by giving away our resources, while it is the activist who is concerned about the vast environmental damage this energy legislation could entail.
Canada’s Health Care system is gradually growing to be a major concern in today’s society with providing Canadians with the standard of care they deserve. Health care has become an issue because of the shortage of doctors in Canada; many of them are either going to the U.S.A. or going to other countries to practice in hospitals and clinics. The earning cap imposed by the government has forced doctors to work fewer hours than are necessary to serve the public. Many Canadians are without a doctor to help them with their needs and emergency rooms are filled to capacity with no available beds for those who have to be admitted to the hospital. Waiting time for specialist and specialty tests have become so long that someone diagnosed with a major illness may die before they can be properly treated. Nurses and others in the medical field are overworked and understaffed because the government has made cut-backs to the Health Care System. We live in a country where our health care is a privilege to have, but getting ill is becoming a problem if there is not adequate facilities and professionals to care for the sick. Today’s society is aging longer than ever and will need health care longer than before; patients recovering from hospital stays are being sent home more quickly than ever before, and terminal patients are being sent home for their last days.
Countless advancement in medical technology and healthcare have appeared, yet there are still obstacles present in providing quality healthcare for all citizens in Canada. An issue that has existed over a long period of time is the concern of health care and health delivery. The two systems that have been debated over are public health where the medical costs are covered by the government and private health insurance where the citizens have to pay for their own health care. Like many countries, Canada has a mixed public-private system where patients have freedom of choice between which healthcare they would choose for treament. Healthcare in Canada has been seen as a basic human right and is a critical public issue that solely be the duty of
Tietenberg, Thomas. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. Addison Wesley: New York, 2003. pp. 561. ISBN 0-201-77027-X, pp. 7-11.