Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Ductal carcinoma in situ essay
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Ductal carcinoma in situ essay
Genetics
DCIS have neoplastic cells which proliferate within the ducts. The duct is bound by the basement membrane along with a rim of myoepithelial cells which are on the lumen of the basement membrane. Unlike normal breast ducts which are composed of a single epithelial layer, the lesions of DCIS has multiple layers of cells that increase into to lumen. Blood vessels, lymphatics, immune cells, and lymphatics either promotes or suppress malignant progenitor cells which may rise inside the mass of cells multiplying in the ducts plays a role in carcinogenesis. In the center of the ducts, necrosis occurs because the cells are the furthest from nutrients that circulate from the vessels outside the ducts. These proliferating cells are highly stressed due to being nutrient deprived, hypoxic, crowded and oxidative stress and mammary pluripotent stem cells are compelled to adapt to survive. This adaptation promotes apoptosis suppression which can result in a generation of genetically abnormal malignant progenitor cells before invasions (Espina 69).
Hereditary breast cancer—which is five percent of all breast cancer—is caused by a germ line mutation in BRCA1 BRCA2 genes. BRCA1 mutation related breast cancer is genetically different along with being morphologically and immunohistochemical’s phenotype being different from non-BCRA mutation related breast cancer. BRCA2 mutation-related breast cancer is genetically different from non-BRCA mutation related breast cancer, but it is difficult to differentiate BRCA2 breast cancer’s phenotype from non-BRCA breast cancer’s phenotype (Van der Groep et. al 1).
In non-BRCA mutation related breast cancer, hypoxia is present. Hypoxia is a “state of lower-than-normal oxygen tension” (Weinberg 265...
... middle of paper ...
...Breast Journal 15.2 (2009): 120-132. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
Kumar, Shicha, and Virgilio Sacchini. "The Surgical Management Of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ KUMAR AND SACCHINI The Surgical Management Of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ." Breast Journal 16. (2010): S49-S52. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
Altintas, Sevilay, et al. "Fine Tuning Of The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) 2003 By Integrating The Genomic Grade Index (GGI): New Tools For Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)." Breast Journal 17.4 (2011): 343-351. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
"What Are the Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?" Cancer.org N.p., 31 Jan. 2013. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
"Diagnosis of DCIS." Breastcancer.org. N.p., 09 Sept. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
“Understanding Your Pathology Report: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ” Cancer.org N.p., Jan 20 2013 Web. 20 Mar. 2014
can get breast cancer, the four main types of breast cancer, th... ... middle of paper ... ...rue cancer”, but it serves as a marker for the increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future. It is important for women with lobular carcinoma in situ to have regular clinical breast exams and mammograms. There are many treatment options for breast cancer, the main types of treatment are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and bone-directed therapy.
Breast cancer is a type of cancer originates from breast tissue, generally from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas whereas from ducts are called ductal carcinomas. (Ref: Breast Cancer, National Cancer Institute) Invasive breast cancer is breast cancer that has spread from the point of origin in the breast ducts/lobules to the surrounding normal tissue cells. In exceptional cases, breast cancer
Breast Cancer What would you do if you found out you had breast cancer? Who would you tell first? How would you deal with it? The diagnosis of breast cancer is becoming more common today; we need to know what the symptoms are, and how to help prevent it. Breast cancer is the leading reason of death in women in the United States; it has increased greatly over the last 30 years. Many people wonder why it has increased so much in the last few years, and there are many reasons that it has. Breast cancer
at all since at least I'm here to talk about my bout with cancer. I'm trusting your cancer is in complete remission as is my (100%) case that started with discovery of Breast Cancer (x2). 2001 (age 49 - discovered at Walter Reed): Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) - Stage 2A (invasive type tumor ~2-5cm not yet spread to lymph nodes). Performed lumpectomy, recovered ~4 weeks, then started chemo (every three weeks x 5) and eventually radiation (once every 8 weeks). Started working after first round
Breast Cancer Breast cancer is only one of 200 different types of cancer. It is considered a woman’s disease but both men and women have the disease. Every year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. Twelve percent of all women will get the disease and 3.5% of them will die. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old. Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. Cells keep dividing even though new cells are not needed. Change
Breast Cancer and Women’s Health Breast Cancer is defined as “a group of solid tumor malignancies arising in the tissues of the breast” (Sarah Crawford, Richard Alder, 2013) in human and other mammals. It can happen to both men and women. For women, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. According to National Cancer Institute, in the United States, the 2014 estimated new cases and deaths of female from breast cancer are 232,670 and 40,000, respectively. For male, it’s 430 deaths
Chronic diseases are the ones that cannot be cured, but can only be controlled and are long lasting (The Centre for Managing Chronic Disease, 2011). Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, stroke and respiratory diseases are the most leading cause of mortality in the world, which represents 60% of deaths all over. Research shows that 80% of chronic disease deaths occur in low and middle income countries (World Health Organization, 2015). This paper talks about some actual and potential
Topic: Breast Cancer General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the viewer about what breast cancer is and how someone gets this disease. Central Ideas (thesis): Understanding what breast cancer is and how someone gets this disease as well as the symptoms, diagnosis, stages and the treatment for this disease. INTRODUCTION Attention getter: Every 13 minutes one women will die in the U.S. from breast cancer which makes it the second top cause of death in women. Every 19 seconds there
Introduction Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too (What is Breast Cancer, 2015). The purpose of this evaluation is to introduce the audience to breast cancer; discuss risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis; address the mind- body connection of
Introduction (85-102) Pancreatic cancer is generally referred to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and only account for 2% of cancer cases and 5% of cancer deaths in Australia; however, it is considered as one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate less than 5% and average survival of four to five mounts, due to its aggressive character. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, irresectable stage, and the disease is highly resistant to standard therapy options
my mother’s face is burned into my memory forever. As she hung up the phone, I already knew the news was not what we had expected. She burst into tears as my father held her, tears falling from his own eyes. That day she was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ, a form of breast cancer. That day was her 50th birthday. Following that dreadful day, the next few months were nothing short of horrid. Through the many months of treatment, I felt the burden of staying strong for not only my mother, but
grade 2 ductal carcinoma involving the right upper quadrant of the right. The patient performs regular breast self-examination(BSE) to detect any lump before advanced symptoms manifest. Other symptoms included nipple discharge or retraction, skin changes, alteration in breast contour, lymphadenopathy, mammographic abnormality and distant metastasis. Subsequently, a core biopsy has been done to make a definitive diagnosis, confirmed that a ductal carcinoma with surrounding DCIS (Ductal carcinoma in Situ)
Research has shown that the largest and most universal barrier for shared decision-making is time constraint {11}. Part of being a nurse entails many tasks to be completed throughout the day, it is therefore important that when a nurse is interacting with a patient they set aside an adequate time to allow clear communication and clarity. Making shared decisions under time constraints can create several problems such as the wrong decision being made which can lead to inconvenience for both the patient
breast cancer are indicated as a number from a scale of 0 through 4. Treatment types are also done according to each stage. The plans for the treatments are usually by personal choices and medical options. The first is DCIS (stage 0) meaning ductal carcinoma in situ, which is noninvasive breast cancer. Surgery is the first step in treating DCIS. It removes the abnormal tissue in the breast. Depending on how far the DCIS has spread within the milk ducts, surgery can be either mastectomy or lumpectomy
“Cancer affects all of us, whether you’re a daughter, mother, sister, friend, coworker, doctor, or patient” (Aniston). Cancer treatment is a very sore subject, but many people are diagnosed with this disease. However, doctors have ways of finding cancer and treating it. Cancer is a very serious issue that needs to be dealt with in each person who is diagnosed with it. To understand the solution, one has to know the causes, effects, and problems of cancer. To understand the problem of cancer