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Freud's psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund freuds methods
Freud's psychoanalytic theories
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Personality
1. Freud’s conception of the latent and manifest content of dreams.
Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and a theory explaining human behavior.
• Latent Content: It illustrates the hidden meaning of one’s unconscious thoughts, drives, and desires.
• Manifest Content: It the information that the conscious individual remembers experiencing.
2. Components of the psyche as proposed by Freud.
Freud developed a structural model of the mind comprising the entities.
• Id: It is the set of uncoordinated instinctual trends. It acts according to the "pleasure principle which motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification of any impulse.
• Ego: It is the organized, realistic part that
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Superego develops.
Oedipus Complex: Boy develops sexual (pleasurable) desires for the mother and develops jealousy towards the father but fears him for his thoughts and thus, develops a castration anxiety for fear that his father will harm his penis.
Electra Complex: The girl desires the father, but realizes that she does not have a penis. This leads to the development of penis envy and the wish to be a boy.
• Latent: Little to no sexual motivation present. No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage and thus, child’s energy is transferred to school, work and other extracurricular activities.
• Genital: Penis or vagina- sexual intercourse. The last stage of Freud 's psychosexual theory of personality development and begins in puberty. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation
5. Jung’s concept of the universal unconsciousness: Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the school of analytical psychology. He proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.
Archetypes constitute the structure of the collective unconscious - they are psychic innate dispositions to experience and represent basic human behavior and
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The results are based on a psychodynamic interpretation of the details of the drawing, such as the size, shape and complexity of the facial features, clothing and background of the figure.
9. Personality Traits: Idiographic vs. Nomothetic:
Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
• The Idiographic view: It emphasizes that each person has a unique psychological structure and that some traits are possessed by only one person; and it is impossible to compare one person with others. This idea also emphasizes that traits may differ in importance from person to person. It tends to use case studies, bibliographical information, diaries etc. for information gathering.
• The Nomothetic view: It emphasizes the application of comparison among the individuals but at the same time, sees people as unique in their combination of traits. This idea sees traits as having the same psychological meaning in everyone. The belief is that people differ only in the amount of each trait. This approach tends to use self-report personality questions, factor analysis etc.
10. Individualistic and Collectivistic
The complex describes Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages of development in children, particularly boys. It denotes a boy’s feelings of lust and desire for the mother, and jealousy and envy for the father. The boy views the father as a rival for possession of his mother’s love and affection (Cherry). Likewise, the Electra complex, a term coined by Freud’s student Carl Gustav Jung, describes a similar idea: that young girls compete with their mothers for their father’s attention (Wiesen). Freud, however, despised this term since it “seeks to emphasize the analogy between the attitude of the two sexes" (Cherry).
Sigmund Freud is known as the founding father of psychology. If it wasn’t for Freud and his work psychology probably wouldn’t be around today (Javel, 1999). Although Freud had many followers there were some who didn’t agree with his work and found his work to be very controversial. There were also many who criticized his work, one of his most controversial and criticized work was his psychosexual stages of development and his believes about the famous “Oedipus Complex.” Psychoanalysis is the first known modality used to treat individuals with psychological disorders. Freud’s work was a foundation for many whether they believed in his work or not. From his work other psychologist
"The Archetypes and the Collected Unconscious."The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 2nd ed. Ed. Carl G. Jung. London: Routledge, 1990. 393-417.
According to psychologist Sigmund Freud, who is known for his theory of psychoanalysis, the human mind contains “a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories” (Meyers 597). These unconscious desires then resurface and develop into the impulses for one’s actions and thoughts. Moreover, one of the most prominent and often times controversial ideas of this theory is the Oedipus complex. In Meyer’s textbook of psychology, the Oedipus complex is described as affecting young males by causing the development of sexual desires for their mothers and also jealousy towards their fathers
Essentially, a boy feels like he is competing with his father for possession of his mother. He views his father as a rival for her attention and affection. In psychoanalytic theory, the Oedipus complex refers to the child’s desire for sexual involvement with the opposite sex parent, usually a boy’s erotic attention to his mother (Wood et al, 366). Freud’s complex is named after a character in an ancient tragedy, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. The main character accidently kills his father and marries his mother. But when it is referencing to females, the complex is called the Elektra complex, it is also after a similar play but a woman is the main character. These plays were popular during the 19th century in Europe, and Freud believed their popularity was because of the repeating theme, love for one’s opposite-sex parent. This represented a universal conflict that all human beings must resolve early on in their development (Cherry). With this assumption, Freud claimed that during the phallic stage, boys seek their mother’s attention and behave in a hostile way towards their fathers. Usually, boys resolve the Oedipus complex by identifying with his father and suppressing his sexual feelings for his
In the following essay, we discuss different theoretical perspectives from Nomothetic and Idiographic approach. How they apply to both Personality (pattern of behavior and thinking) and Intelligence (thinking and behavior). Arguments for both sides are base on what psychologists generally use them as, because some might disagrees with the usage of the word nomothetic and idiographic, orientated by Kantian and Wilhelm Windelband.
What we consider the “Oedipus Complex” in which a man is at odds with his father and idolizes his mother has been around for thousands of years. In Greek mythology we find some of the earliest instances of it. For example in the beginning Gaia and Uranus ruled the universe and
pleasure. “The Id is driven by the pleasure principle for immediate gratification of all desires,
The Phallic Stage =) the child learn to differentiate between the male and the female gender and becomes aware of sexuality. He clarified during that stage a child experience the Oedipus complex, meaning that young boys have very strong feelings toward their mother and as a result, they developed jealousy toward their father. They feeling can be so strong that they want to kill their father. The Elektra complex which reveals girl attraction for the father will result in a feeling of distaste for toward their mother.
Sigmund Freud 's theory of the Oedipus complex describes the ideas and emotions that exist within the unconscious mind of children concerning their desire to possess their mothers sexually and kill their fathers. Freud believed that this complex occurred in both male and female children, with both sexes wishing to possess their mothers and eliminate the threat of their fathers who they competed with for the attention of their mothers. Freud believed that the Oedipus complex occurred during what he referred to as the phallic stage of development, the third of the five stages of a child 's psychosexual development which occurs when a child is between the ages of three and six. According to Freud 's theory, children direct their developing sexual desire toward
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the school of analytical psychology. He was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the unconscious. Carl Jung 's work left a notable impact on psychology since he proposed and developed the concepts of the archetypes. The term archetype is not one of his invention, but he used it in an elaborate way in his theories of psychology and culture, giving it his own specific meaning. Archetypes are images and thoughts which have universal meanings across cultures which may show up in dreams, literature, art or religion. They represent fundamental human motifs of our experience as we evolved; consequentially, they evoke deep emotions. Jung 's main archetypes are not types in
Another weakness in Freud’s theories was on his biased, sexist male view on female inferiority such as his idea of “penis envy”. Although Carl Jung developed the Electra complex, expressing girls do have sexual desires for their fathers. Resenting their mothers in the process. Freud became outraged by this concept, claiming that it was misleading to imply that both genders experiences are similar.
During this stage focus on the development when one starts to show interest in their sexual body parts, gender identity, the first interest in the opposite sex. Freud states that children during this stage often struggle with desires toward their parents of the opposite sex. During this stage children develop a curiosity towards their genitals and my also learn that the there is a difference in size among each individual. Freud developed the term Oedipus and Electra complex, which described the difference in the phallic stage between male and females. Oedipus, which refers to the story of how a man killed his father unknowingly and eventually marrying his own mother that he was also unaware of. Freud states that during the phallic stage boys fall in love with their mothers, they view their mothers as love objects. Though Freud emphasizes that boys saw mothers as love object he had a different opinion of girls and fathers. He referred to the Electra complex as girl seeking for their father’s attentions and openly seeks their father’s approval. I would say Freud might be the cause of the terms mamma’s boy and daddy’s girl. The oral, anal and phallic stage plays major parts of development especially in the development of trust, gender identity, positive and negative emotions. Freud stresses that during this stage it’s important for parents to respond positively to children during this time where sexuality will be
Freud's often-controversial psychoanalysis was an attempt to explain the human psyche (mind) which is comprised of three components: the id, ego, and superego; and the conflict between these components shaped personality (Swanson, 1963, p. 14-16). He believed the ego is responsive to the id that developed at infancy. He also believed that defense mechanisms are unconsciously adopted to protect the ego from anxiety. He was convinced that anxiety was used to warn the ego of potential threats. He focused on internally held forces, including conflicts, biological dispositions, and sexual motivation for his theories (Macintyre, 1963, p. 98-99). He sought to address underlying issues in a person's life, and personal cha...
The theory does a good job at delineating the stages of psychosexual development; our childhood has a great influence on our personalities. Referring to Freud’s ‘psychosexual stages’, it is very clear that parents’ role in an infant’s life is the foremost step to structure the personality. Not to forget, the oral and anal stages are focal fundamental to character traits in a person’s behavior. The inner ‘instincts’ of sexuality and aggression meeting with the socially acceptable norms creates a conflict zone, wherein it is decided what we are to do and what we would become.