One of the four major islands of the great Indo-Malayan Archipelago is a Borneo that located along the Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi. According to the Das (2006), Borneo is situated between coordinates 040 S to 070 N and 109 to 1190 E. Approximately 743,380 km2 the third largest tropical island land area in the world was covered by Borneo (Darison and Fook, 2001). The most largest and familiar groups of vertebrate are birds with some 9672 species known worldwide (MacKinnon, 1991). MacKinnon and Phillipps (1993), states that Borneo has 66% of the residents land birds of the region or 358 species. Due to the adaptation to the various ways of life, there are many families of birds present a colourful and bizarre diversity. Tuen and Darub (1999) found that, birds depend for resources to maintain the productivity of the peat swamp forest and many understorey birds perform important ecological function as a role as prey-predators, seed dispersal, and pollinators (Peh, et. al., 2005). In Borneo, the major forest formation is peat swamp forest and it is important reservoir to maintain the biodiversity (Fatimah and Hill, 2006). MacKinnon and Phillipps (1993) pointed out that peat swamp is valuable and threatened habitat that supports a specialized subset of the lowland forest bird-fauna. From the previous research by Tuen and Darub (1999), they conclude that the air quality and habitat structures influenced the abundance and diversity of the understorey birds. The problem statement for this research is how habitat fragmentation influences the bird species distribution and abundance in UNIMAS campus. Researches by Catherine and John (2001) suggest that, large forest blocks should be conserved due to management birds in a fragmented forest. ... ... middle of paper ... ...ental Conservation, UNIMAS, pp 129-136. Ridzuan, M. (2006). Kajian terhadap Burung-burung di Kampus UNIMAS, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, UNIMAS. pp 2-15. Unpublished. Smythies, B. E. (1999). The Birds of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo). Kota Kinabalu, pp 1-21. Sodhi, N. S. (2002). The effect of food-supply on Southeast Asian forest birds. Ornithological Science 1: 89-93. Tuen, A. A. and Darub, A. W. (1999). The Diversity and Abundance of Understorey Birds in a Peat Swamp Forest of Sarawak. Malayan Nature Journal 53(4): 287-294. Waltert, M., Mardiastuti, A. and Michael, M. (2005). Effect of deforestation and forest modification on understorey birds in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Birds Conservation International 15: 257-273. Zar, J. H. (1996). Biostatical Analysis, Third Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
The red-cockaded woodpecker, an inhabitant of mature pine forests and pine-grassland ecosystems from Maryland to eastern Texas, has had a troubled history within the last decade (Roise et al, 1990). Ten years ago, James documented a population decline in America’s largest remaining red-cockaded woodpecker population (1991). Of the 2,157 clusters, or living groups, contained in national forests, 693 of them were located in Florid...
Every day many species are slowly becoming either endangered or extinct and recently an endangered bird species called piping plovers, started nesting on Revere Beach. What would seem as a miraculous discovery, many are averse to their new inhabitants on the beach. Many Revere residents are complaining because the piping plovers now occupy parts of “their” beach. But in the article “Revere Beach should welcome the piping plover” The Editorial Board believes that the presence of the piping plover could be greatly beneficial to the city of Revere and I certainly agree. What led me to select this particular article is my concern for the many endangered species in the world like the piping plover. Human hands have led many species to become endangered
Alden, Peter, Rich Cech, and Gil Nelson. 1998. National Audubon Society Field Guide to Florida. New York: Knopf. 2. Brown, Larry W. 1997.
Although the bird is not a key player in the forest ecosystem, many environmental groups have made it a mascot for environmental causes everywhere. If the Spotted Owl were to become extinct, life would go on without ...
However with the rising temperatures in the tropics, the plants and animals are moving to higher and higher altitudes. The most concerning issue is that the climate seems to be rising at an alarmingly fast rate. At this rate, some species will not be able to migrate quick enough to survive the sudden rise in temperature. Many, many species are going to die out thanks to the change in climate. In chapter nine Kolbert writes about the lack of undeveloped land that is left in the world. The little land that has remained undeveloped exist as small ‘islands’ within an ocean of developed land. In one of these land ‘islands,’ Kolbert discusses the decline in species of birds. These islands also have an overall lower biodiversity when compared to the surrounding land, which can be attributed to the severely limited amount of space and organisms that can live in the space. One of these islands, a rainforest, has an amazingly large amount of biodiversity. However due to the small space available, the biodiversity is dropping at a rapid rate. This is bad for the ecosystem as a whole, since if one organism goes extinct, all of the other species are affected in some
8. Taylor, Dan. 1998. Audubon Society Inspired to Action by Bird Die -offs . 17 Jan. 1998 . E-mail . Available bkus@sunstroke.sdsu.edu
Landscape fragmentation can be characterized as a break up of a continuous landscape into more smaller, less-connected patches by roads, clearing for agriculture, commercial and residential development, and timber harvesting. Clear-cutting can break up mature, contiguous forest until the clear-cut area has regenerated to a point that it does not act as an ecological barrier to interior species or species that rely on continuous, mature forests. Much of the work that has sought to measure landscape pattern and habitat fragmentation comes out of the disciplines of conservation biology and landscape ecology (Theobald 1998). These disciplines are founded on the premise that landscape patterns strongly influence and are influenced by ecological processes (Forman and Godron 1986).
The understory layer lies between the canopy and the forest floor. The understory is home to a number of birds, small mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators.
the interior least tern is endangered due to destruction, alteration, and curtailment of nesting habitat. The least tern bird was put on the endangered list May 28, 1985 and has since been on the endangered list. The cause of Channelization, irrigation, and the construction in many reservoirs and pools have been a major cause to the elimination of much of the tern’s sandbar nesting habitat in the Arkansas and Red River systems. The birds can be found inhabiting in sandbars of the Arkansas, Mississippi, and Red Rivers during the summer months while they nest and raise their young. Least terns also nest on artificial habitats such as sand and gravel pits, dredge inlands, dike fields along the Mississippi River, ash disposal areas of power
Eastman, J. (1997).14-Crow and Jay Family (Corvidae). Birds of forest, yard, and thicket. (pp. 127- 145). Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books. Retrieved from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) [Accessed 3 March 2014]
An important feature of green roofs is their potential to provide habitation for urban wildlife, therefore many animal species such as rats and ants would benefit from green roofs. Coffman and Waites, (2008) explains that the urban development practices recognised as roof greening offers habitat for wild species within the towns and it also helps rise the home-grown natural diversity. However, roof greening is not a method restoration ecology, but it is method of reconciliation ecology, where entirely new habitation is formed for non-human species. In addition Green roofs certainly delivers some form of habitat, it is also possible that the properties of the roof could harm the wildlife diversity.
Mount Rainier is home to many species of birds. Depending on the elevation of the mountain determines what birds you will see. At the lowest area of the park which is characterized by Douglas-fir, and western hemlocks. In this zone you would find northern spotted owls, and marbled murrelet. The next zone of the park is characterized by western white pine, and Pacific silver fir. There can be many different birds in this zone depending on the vegetation, weather, and breading time. The elevation zone of the park is characterized where the Paradise and Sunrise areas are located. This zone is characterized by mixed forest and subalpine meadows. The trees are mostly mountain hemlocks, Alaska yellow cedar, and white bark pine. The Northern spotted owl is the only bird s...
The study area consisted of Latah and Benewoh in Idaho, USA. The research used a total of 105 sites to collect data; ranking the areas from lowest to highest elevation. The methods implemented in this research consisted of wetland sampling, mail survey and habitat modelling. The combined results allowed for better insight for the conservation of these species. The first section of the experiment consist...
Loss of biodiversity is an environmental issue that is causing a lot of global concern. Some of the main causes for loss in biodiversity are alteration of habitats, increasing levels of pollution and human population growth. There are measures that are being taken worldwide to prevent loss of biodiversity. Many wildlife sanctuaries have been built worldwide to preserve the lives of various endangered species. However, it is important to remember that every individual has a role in the protection of wildlife and biodiversity. Every human being should play his part of the role by following simple rules such as stopping others from the hunting of endangered species, preventing deforestation, encouraging reforestation and creating awareness among fellow human beings.
Shah, Anup. Loss of Biodiversity and Extinctions. Global Issues, 19 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 May 2014.