In the research paper Distant supervision for relation extraction without labeled data",
the authors Mike Mintz, Steven Bills, Rion Snow and Dan Jurafsky investigate an alternate paradigm
[called distant supervision] for relation extraction. This algorithm combines the advantages of Super-
vised Information Extraction and Unsupervised Information Extraction to achieve greater precision.
Apart from this, they also analyze feature performance for better understanding of the roles of lexical
and syntactic features. Some of the key observations from this research are :
1) A combination of syntactic and lexical features offers a substantial improvement in relation
extraction precision over either of these feature sets on its own.
2) Syntactical features may help tease apart difficult relations. They are more useful in cases where
the individual patterns are particularly ambiguous, and where they are nearby in the dependency
structure but distant in lexical terms.
The intuition of distant supervision is that any sentence that contains a pair of entities that participate in a known freebase relation is likely to express that relation in some way. This intuition
ignores the fact that two entities can have multiple relations between them. This can result in poor
relation extraction precision.
For example, consider the two statements - Rafael Nadal lives in Spain" and Rafael Nadal likes
playing tennis in Spain". The first sentence expresses the country of residence relation between
Rafael Nadal and Spain. Although the second sentence doesn't express the country of residence
relation, distant supervision wrongly labels it that way nevertheless.
This can be avoided by incorporating multiple relations between two ent...
... middle of paper ...
...er ever to play tennis". (Assume that these are the only answer sentences.)
When the model developed in the paper tries to extract an answer from these answer sentences, it
comes across three potential answers - football, golf and tennis.
To resolve such conflicts the paper resorts to the overproduce and vote mechanism. Rather than
this, I suggest we use the already existing freebase database and look for [Rafael Nadal, Football] ,
[Rafael Nadal, Golf] and [Rafael Nadal, Tennis] relations in it. This should give us a confirmation
that Rafael Nadal is related to tennis. Hence, tennis can be considered as the answer to our original
question.
Answer Extraction as a sequence tagging problem is a relatively new area of study in Natural
Language Processing and has much scope for improvement. Subtle changes in the approach can
produce state-of-the-art models.
The Author uses these examples to give us a way to see descriptive language in short novel.
Use of graphite became popular when another legendary professional, Arthur Ashe, began using Head Presige’s one-hundred percent graphite racquet (“Tennis Nuts” 2017). The graphite racquet became extremely popular because of the stiffness. Even though the racquet was quite heavy, the main characteristic that made the graphite racquet so popular was the reduced vibration when a player hit the ball off the racquet (“Evolution of Tennis Rackets” 2017). The graphite racquet continued to be popular and began to be used by many other professional tennis players as well, such as Pete Sampras, who won fourteen Grand Slam titles in his career. Sampras used a graphite racquet named the Wilson Pro Staff. The Wilson Pro Staff was introduced in 1983, and tennis players seemed to enjoy this racquet because of the distinct feel it gave off. (“Tennis Nuts” 2017) Another graphite racquet called the Dunlop Max 200G debuted in 1980. (“Tennis Nuts” 2017) This racquet was used by legend John McEnroe and one of the greatest female tennis players of all time, Steffi Graf. The Dunlop Max 200G was lighter in weight compared to most graphite tennis
Many times, when an author writes a story, he will use different techniques to influence the way that the reader absorbs the work. Writers use both paratactic style and syntactic style. These two styles contrast each other greatly, but on the same term, they greatly compliment one another. In the book The Things They Carried, O'Brien uses both of these styles. In this essay, syntactic and paratactic style will be examined in the story "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong". Examples in the story will be examined and described according to the two styles of writing. The syntactic style will be focused on more intensely however, because of the way that it effects the sections of the story that will be discussed. It will also show that the historical context of the story effects the styles of writing.
(1) Ex. “t ~ s, k, ʧ, st would comprise larger treatment sets of contrastive word pairs that would be used in treatment.” (Williams, 2000)
By using syntax that flows smoothly, readers are able to clearly define and recognize the emphasis on phonemes and determine the appropriate intonations needed to decode the correct semantics of the story. For a children’s book, The Very Itchy Bear incorporates numerous parts of speech such as verbs, nouns, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions and onomatopoeia.
Nonstandard capitalization and punctuation further enhance the easy flow of the words with few ...
When Clark graduated high school, he had three times as many state championships as his father (McPhee, p. 17). This wasn’t by sheer coincidence, rather it was a result of an unbreakable bond between father and son that ended up creating a very gifted tennis player.
Gawande talks about how he came up with the idea of hiring a coach to watch him perform surgery after an experience he had playing tennis. Years of playing the game and not improving, Gawande incidentally finds himself play tennis with a young man who is a tennis couch. The young man gives Gawande a tip about keeping his feet under his body when hitting the ball. At first he is uncertain, stating, “My serve had always been the best part of my game…..With a few minutes of tinkering, he’d added at least ten miles an hour to my serve. I was serving harder than I ever had in my life” (Gawande, 2011, p.3). Gawande is so greatly impacted by this experience that he decides to hire a coach to help him with is professional endeavors.
Syntax is a common literary device which is included in every form of writing, in the
White, T. I., & Rauhut, N. C. (n.d.). Basic Issues Philosophy (pp. 64-75). N.p.: Pearson Custom Publishing.
The reason why I chose to do my research paper on Pete Sampras is because I love to play tennis, and Pete is the greatest tennis player alive. I have always made him my role model, and I hope to one day meet him. I try and model my tennis game after his and it has really helped my tennis game. Pete Sampras is my childhood hero, and that is the reason why I chose the topic of Pete Sampras.
There are two types of a reference relation which are endophoric and exospheric reference, as for exophoric reference outside the text in the context of situation, and endophoric reference inside the text is our focus. Endoforic reference is divided into two types which are represented in cataphoric and anaphoric relation, whereas cataphoric looks forward to the referent in which pronoun or demonstrative appears first and the named expression the second, on the other hand anaphoric look backward to the referent in which the expression appears first and pronoun the second. (Bloor, 2004,
The field of Computational Linguistics is relatively new; however, it contains several sub-areas reflecting practical applications in the field. Machine (or Automatic) Translation (MT) is one of the main components of Computational Linguistics (CL). It can be considered as an independent subject because people who work in this domain are not necessarily experts in the other domains of CL. However, what connects them is the fact that all of these subjects use computers as a tool to deal with human language. Therefore, some people call it Natural Language Processing (NLP). This paper tries to highlight MT as an essential sub-area of CL. The types and approaches of MT will be considered, and limitations discussed.
Schnitzer, Marc L. Toward a neurolinguistic theory of language. Brain & Language. Vol 6(3) 342-361, Nov 1978.
In her analysis, Mona Baker investigates all text equivalences: apart the object of this paper, she studies the grammatical equivalence, the textual equivalence and the pragmatic equivalence. However this paper will be centered only on the micro level.