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Fundamentals of system theory
Disaster management theories
Disaster management theories
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Recommended: Fundamentals of system theory
Theories are designed to provide an explanation of an occurrence, offer insight, shed light, and offer an understanding as to why a certain occurrence takes (took) place. There are several theories that have been advanced to shed light on disaster recovery as outlined: System theory: It’s based on the idea that there are several sectors that interact in production of a disaster event. For a disaster to happen there are three systems that must emerge: human, built, and physical systems. System theory: disaster is a resultant of misfit of the system. Source: http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=zaffje8UEwYC&pg=PA44&dq=disaster+recovery+theories&client=firefox-a&cd=1#v=onepage&q=disaster%20recovery%20theories&f=true The three systems in a system theory interact and share mutual dependencies. The opportunities that are in existence during the recovery process include: rectification of the misalignment, increase of the safety levels, paying respect to the integrity of the environment, creation of more disaster resilience humans, and built systems (Philips, 2009). Vulnerability theories: The concern of vulnerability theories is human lives. This is the heart of the theories and the situations that poses the greatest risk as well as the most vulnerable situations to death injury, property destruction, or economic disruption. It specifies the fact that there is no equal distribution of risk across all groups. For example; a Tsunami may have a different effect on diverse people such as women, children, disabled, and etc. About 70% of Hurricanes death victims were the elderly (Weyerhaeuser, 2005). The theory clarifies that there are diverse consequences of differentiated risks in the time of relief and recovery. It notes that... ... middle of paper ... ...ry, 2010 from:http://www.fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/ltrc/recoveryprograms229.pdf Governance and social Development, (GSDRC). Community Participation in Disaster Rehabilitation, and Recovery. Retrieved on 24th February, 2010 from: http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/HD526.pdf NCAT. (2006). Operation Fresh Start: business recovery. Retrieved on 24th February, 2010 from: http://www.freshstart.ncat.org/business.htm Phillips, B. (2009). Disaster Recovery. Rocket City: CRC Press. Shannon, (2002). The Importance of Business Impact Analysis. Retrieved on 24th February, 2010 from:http://www.nysforum.org/documents/ppt/bc_02/813VeritasBusiness%20Impact%20Analysis.ppt Weyerhaeuser, (2005). Rebuilding a Community: An Employers Guide to Assisting Employees. Retrieved on 24th February, 2010 from: http://www.weyerhaeuser.com/pdfs/sustainability/HurricaneKatrinaResponseEmployersGuide.pdf
The recovery process starts as the initial response effort slows down. Recovery actions are taken to help the public and city to return to normal everyday life. The recovery process requires a contribution from everyone. In the short term, recovery is an extension of the response phase in which basic services and functions are restored. In the long term, recovery is a restoration of both the personal lives of individuals and the livelihood of the community. (Homeland Security, 2008)
Gene understands that the story does not end with just the damages but also what it contributes to the future. It has brought with it new measures in structural development, social relationships and insurance holding. It is a major step to the lessening of the impact of future disasters.
Theory: A general statement about some parts of the world that fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina brought a death toll in the thousands and millions of dollars in damage. It was a severe storm “with winds in excess of 150 miles per hour [that] caused 20-foot-high waves to pound the coastlines of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi” (Dass-Brailsford 24). Other than the rescue missions, the city was also concerned with clean up efforts and restoring basic service to residents, which was a huge challenge to the city government. On the other hand, different voices from residents are also caused city government moving slow in decision-making and implementation of the recovery plans. Some progress on recovery plan has been made, but the city is struggling with the slow planning process, the lack of skilled workers, and the low number of returning residents.
The Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment need the whole community to pass on information, account for population-specific factors, and acknowledge the effects of a threat or hazard. Communities have to be educated and updated on threats and hazards that they may specifically face in order to accurately plan and prepare. All situations are usually handled starting at the lowest level, however, they will also have to discuss on how the federal government will assist if needed. “By providing the necessary knowledge and skills, we seek to enable the whole community to contribute to and benefit from national preparedness.” (FEMA, 2015). Local communities recognize their risks and conclude on how they will handle the significant amount of risks. Local governments discover and address their greatest risks by finishing the Threat and Hazard
A systemic crisis is a crisis in which the breadth of impact reaches many individuals within the system; for example, schools, businesses, entire communities, regions, or it may be worldwide. The individuals involved in a systemic crisis can become overwhelmed with the enormity of the situation and need physical and/or psychological assistance to regain control. Systemic crisis interventions require a combination of strategies working cooperatively together across multiple agencies to effectively address all potential needs of the victims. However, not all systemic crises are the same and require interventions that are specific to the systemic crisis category. The following paragraphs will give a brief description of a natural disaster
Based on my understanding of Turner & West, (2013) definition of system theory, it implies that a family is a system and in order for that system to function, there are part components of that system that helps the system survive and those components are wholeness, Interdependence, Hierarchy, boundaries, calibration/feedback and Equifinality. Each of these components has specific significant that it brings to understanding and functionality of the family system.
Yarnal B. (2007). Vulnerability and all that Jazz: Addressing Vulnerability in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Technology in Society, 29(2), 249-255.
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers, “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior.” Theory is a set of interconnected statements that explain how two or more things are related, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
Three waves of systems theory were developed (Healy, 2005). The first wave, being General systems theory. General systems theory is about focussing on a more effective social order for the client,...
Natural Disasters can occur anywhere at anytime. Some are more predictable than others, but they all bring hardship to everyone’s life. Examples of natural disasters are Earthquakes (Haiti 2010), Tornadoes, Tsunami, Hurricanes, Wild Fires, Winter Storms, Heat waves, Mudslides and Floods. Regardless of what kind of disaster occurs, bottom line, everyone needs to be prepared mentally and physically to deal with the aftermath. Education is the first step to prepare you to deal with any major disaster. Three of the major disasters that can potentially disrupt normal day to day operations in our lives, are Hurricanes, Tsunamis and Tornadoes.
Social work interventions in disasters have focused on the variety of ways that such events affect individuals, families, organizations and communities. Areas of concern have included traumatic stress, resources for disadvantaged and vulnerable populations and co-ordination of various intervention systems (Zakour, 1996).
Stephens, K. (2010), How can the emergency management community use technology to improve resilience?. Retrieved from http://idisaster.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/how-can-we-use-technology-to-improve-community-resilience/
Of the four phases of emergency management, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery, perhaps the place that individuals can make the biggest difference in their own state of resiliency and survival of a disaster is in the preparedness phase. Being prepared before a disaster strikes makes sense yet many people fail to take even simple, precautionary steps to reduce the consequences of destruction and mayhem produced by natural events such as earthquakes, volcanos and tornados (see Paton et al, 2001, Mileti and Peek, 2002; Tierney, 1993, Tierney et al, 2001).