Digital printing is a revolutionary technology in textiles. It has shortened the lead time from designing to production. It can also decrease the cost of goods from sampling to production. Sanjay Gupta (2001) evaluated the different aspects of inkjet printing in comparison with conventional textile printing. He studied the different ink, pigments, and color management software applications and future of digital printed textiles. Digital printed shortens the run time because no screens are needed, No need of paste making, so all the downtimes due to these things are removed. Any design can be printed; pollution is less due to no discharge of effluent chemicals into drain. Digital printing is limited due to lower speeds, less availability of …show more content…
The chemistry of inks also determines the fastness of final product. Soleimani-Gorgani and N Shakib (2014) printed the cellulosic fabrics with reactive dyes containing different reactive groups and varying number of anionic molecules. Color strength and fixation was determined at different pH values. According to results by increasing the Ph of ink reaction of cellulose with dye molecule increases due to increase in concentration of cellulosate ion. The optimum ph for best fixation is 8. The percentage of fixation of reactive dyes containing different reactive groups and number of sulphonic acid groups. By increasing the number of suphonic acid groups in reactive ink the percentage of absorbed dye decreases due to increase in electrostatic repulsion between the fiber and dye molecule and increase in solubility of dyes. On the other hand increasing the number of reactive groups causes the increase in percentage of reactive dye absorbed. The dry crocking fastness properties were very good of all inks but wet crocking fastness properties were moderate. The wash fastness properties were very good and light fastness was moderate. It means that by changing the inks different quality results can be achieved. So,it is quite vital to choose the proper inks chemistry to achieve the desired results and performancs.
The printing press was, arguably, the most impactful invention in history. Created by Johannes Gutenberg, the printing press are sets of metal letters set in a frame that could be inked, papered and pressed. The printing press affected the fast and wide spread of new ideas changing everyday life. The Protestant Reformation was a movement that changed people’s mind about Catholic belief and created new sects of Christianity. The Exploration Era led to many discoveries of the Americas and opened up the curiosity of many. Both of these historical events were important consequences of the printing press. The Exploration Era was the more important consequence of the printing press than the Protestant Reformation.
In prior generations, clothing were designed by hand. Today, designers have computer-aided design. This software allows them to view designs of clothing on virtual models of a numerous shapes and sizes. In all it's the most efficient garment designing process. It saves companies both time and resources. 3-D printed apparel revolutionizes the experience of buying clothes for the average consumer.
These requirements might seem obvious at first, yet it is exactly the demand and supply on each one of them causes the limitation and control of this technology. The 3D printer is no longer an equipment which only can be found in a scientific lab, but people can buy it on Amazon with the price from 600 to 2000 dollars. Moreover, there are numerous companies which start to invest new functions upon the 3D printer such as the three types of 3D printers that have been advertised in the “Top 3 Best 3D Printers You Must Have” video: “the Tiko, the Palette, and the Moonray” . For instance, the Tiko printer is a new type of “uni-body” 3D printer which prevents the unstable printing problem caused by the traditional “separate three-piece rails frame” . Also, its 1 kg rolls large “internal filler” and the “close-build chamber” also promises the project to be more “reliable and accurate” . What the most considerate for the consumer should be its “wireless connectivity” . This way, any consumer can print anything at anywhere they want as long as they have a downloaded Tiko app on their cellphones or laptops. As for the Palette 3D printer, it wedded to developing the “controllable multi-color functionality” because most of the previous settings of the 3D printers only allow the consumer to print with one color at a time . Therefore, the
Xerox's "Book In Time" is a revolutionary product, presenting some new opportunities for the company. It is simply a matter of costs. The Book-in-Time equipment allows for a publishing company to produce a 300-page book for $6.90, something which could have been previously reached only for lots larger than 1,000 copies. A significant decrease in publishing costs, given the fact that these cover up to 20 % (including the paper and binding the book), would create the possibility of an increased profit margin.
The corporate objective is to make Canon a truly excellent company that is admired and respected the world over, and to strive to join the ranks of the world's top 100 companies in terms of all major business field. In terms of the current digital camera market, Canon is still in fierce competition. We have several main competitors such as Nikon and Sony, and experience the competition based on the following attributes such as price, design, quality, and features.
As a multinational, Xerox specializes in technology and services and operates under two different market environments, the macro and microenvironment. In the microenvironment, the company has influence while in the macro-environment the company cannot make market changes.
To identify inks of similar color from one another from mere observation is near impossible since colors can look identical to the human eye while differing in composition. Therefor, further examination of the components of the ink is needed. Ink is a mixture of substances and these substances have varying molecular polarities. The intrinsic properties of the components of the ink allows for the separation of ink through adsorption chromatography, where the ink is separated based on the attraction to a moving phase (liquid) and stationary phase (TLC plate). Using the Rf equation, the Rf value can be determine to numerically determine the similarity in the inks
The idea was to improve 3d printer with special technology, a single printer, with multi material features, can transform from any 1D strand into 3d shape, 2d surface into 3d shape or morph from one 3d shape into another. The shape of 3d technology is basic mode for 4d. Objet Connex multi-material technology is an 3D printing important part of his work – and is being used extensively in this new process. The Connex multi material technology allows the researchers to program different material properties into each of the various particles of the designed geometry and harnesses the different water-absorbing properties of the materials to active the self-assembly process. With water as its activation energy, this technique promises new possibilities for embedding programmability and simple decision making into non-electronic based materials.
The basic process of making paper has not changed in more than 2000 years. It involves two stages: the breaking up of raw materials in water to make a suspension of individual fibbers and the formation of felted sheets by spreading this suspension on a porous surface, to drain excess water. The essential steps of papermaking by machine are identical with those of hand papermaking just much more complex. The first step in machine papermaking is the preparation of the raw material. For centuries, the main raw materials used in papermaking were cotton and linen fibbers obtained from rags. Today more than 95 percent of paper is made from wood cellulose. Wood is used mainly for the cheapest grades of paper, such as newsprint. Cotton and linen fibbers are still used for high quality writing and artist’s papers. Many kinds of wood can be used such as aspen, beach, birch fir, gum, hemlock, oak, pine, and spruce.
According to Pew Research Center's Journalism Project, the overall drop in newspaper circulation began in 1989 and has been at a gradual decline of 1% a year since (Pew Research Center's Journalism Project, 2007). 1989 is also the year of the birth of the World Wide Web(Home.web.cern.ch, 2014).
...on, by understanding the general textile manufacturing processes, we could relate the processes based on its importance and effects to the environment.
The main problem which was needed to overcome was the selection of the fabric. Due to sustainable principle, I tried best to find the most sustainable fabrics; however, it was full of challenge. 100% silk organza, 100% silk taffeta and 100% Merino wool which were essential in my project were hard to discover in the fabric market in the UK. After consideration, I decided to order these expensive fabrics from China and finally sorted out the problem.
That can lead to the water stress and pollution. Cotton is one of the common natural fibers and it is also a thirsty crop, to produce one cotton shirt it takes 2,700 liters of water which is enough amount of water for one person to drink 2 ½ years (3p Contributor., 2015). The chemical wastages from chemical dye and bleaches that produce from the factory, and carbon footprint such as polyester production which can lead to climate change. Given that amount of water wastage, I feel that people should opt for sustainable fashion clothes. Most people may be hesitant to try something so novel, so green. Therefore, I feel the fashion house should educate the public about the many benefits of sustainable fashion
From 2005 the textile segment has been made up of 2 companies, transforming raw materials into fabrics, from spinning to finishing and ennobling. Handicraft product quality and technological research development characterize this business segment which works with internationally recognized names of the apparel and fashion industry.
...e industries, textile industries are considered as one of the major sources of wastewater in ASEAN countries. Dyes are also used in industries such as rubber, paper & pulp, dye & dye intermediate industries, pharmaceutical, tannery, food technology, hair coloring, plastic, cosmetic etc. There are more than 10,000 commercially available dyes with over 7x105 tones of dyestuff being produced annually across the world2.. The textile industry consumes more than 107 kg of dye per year of which 90% ending up on fabrics3. Of this total usage 10- 15% of the dye is lost during the dyeing process and released with the effluent. Colour is contributed by phenolic compounds such as tannins, lignins (2-3%) and organic colourants (3-4%) and with a maximum contributions from dye and dye intermediates which could be sulphur/ mordant/ reactive/ cationic/ dispersed/acid/azo vat dye4.