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Thyroid disorders
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Goitre as defined by the Better Health Channel “is an enlargement of the thyroid gland”. The thyroid gland is located below the larynx, at the front of the throat. Controlled by the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland secretes hormones to control the metabolic process, as well as growth and energy expenditure. It is comprised of two lobes that are situated at either side of the trachea and are linked together by an isthmus. As previously mentioned to secrete its hormones the thyroid must be prompted by the pituitary, which releases thyroid-stimulating hormone, to produce thyroxine (T4) and idothyronine (T3). However, without iodine the thyroid is unable to effectively manufacture these proteins. If one’s diet lacks iodine, the pituitary gland continues to send chemical signals to the thyroid gland, but they are not well received. In a vain attempt to obey the demands of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland enlarges.
There are two classifications of Goitre:-
• Endemic – caused when a whole community is implicated by dietary iodine insufficiencies. This may be caused by a depletion of iodine in the soils in which the harvest is grown, particularly in Tasmania and regions along the Great Dividing Range. Recent evidence also suggests a re-emergence of iodine deficiency in Melbourne, Sydney and other cities of the sort. Endemic goitres, however, tend to be more prominent in Third World countries and are uncommon in First and Second World countries due to the widespread supplementation of iodine.
• Sporadic – only the individual is affected and may be caused by family history, diet, age (40+) and gender (women are more susceptible).
There are two types of Goitre that can be placed in either classification:-
• Diffuse Smooth Goitre – t...
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...facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1851/2 (Accessed on 21/5/2014)
Unknown (no date) Australian Healthy Food Guide: Nutrition Guidelines [Online] Available at: http://www.healthyfoodguide.com.au/resources/nutrition-guidelines (Accessed on 23/5/2014)
Stevens, A (no date) Thyroid Australia LTD: How many Australians have Thyroid Conditions [Online] Available at: http://www.thyroid.org.au/Information/doodle.html (Accessed on 24/5/2014)
Thompson, D (2014) WebMD: Certain Thyroid-Related Diseases may vary by Race [Online] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/women/news/20140415/certain-thyroid-related-diseases-may-vary-by-race (Accessed on 25/5/2014)
Unknown (2011) Australian Bureau of Statistics: 3303.0 – Causes of Death, Australia, 2008 [Online] Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/B0C23D3AACE341E5CA2576F6001231E0?opendocument (Date Accessed: 25/5/2014)
Johannson, Mark. "Foodfacts.com." Food Facts-nutrition Facts, Health Food Recipes, Healthy Eating Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
"Causes of High Blood Pressure: Weight, Diet, Age, and More." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2013.
The reasons why are unclear, but there is a sharp distinction between male and female thyroid cancer rates - females tend to develop the cancer more by nearly three times as often (“What Are the Risk Factors for Thyroid...
In healthy an individual, the thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4 through a series of steps. Iodide is carry into the thyroid follicular cell from the blood stream by symporters. The iodide is transported into the cell against it concentration gradient, using Na+ concentration gradient as an energy source. The iodide in the follicular cell is activated through oxidation by thyroperoxidase (TPO). The active iodide is passively transported into the colloid through an iodide channel on the luminal side of the follicular cell down its concentration gradient. Thyroglobulin (Tg) another precursor of thyroid hormone enters the colloid via exocytosis from the Golgi complex of the follicular cell. The Thyroglobulin (Tg) binds to iodide with the help of thyroperoxidase forming monoiodotyrosine (MIT). If another iodide is added to the tyrosine reside of Tg, di-iodotyrosine is formed (DIT...
Heart Failure Overview WebMD Reviewed by Thomas M. Maddox, MD on May 28, 2012 http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-failure/heart-failure-overview
High Blood Pressure Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/faqs.htm#
"Food Safety Facts and Figures - Home Food Safety." Home Food Safety. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Web. 23 Feb 2014.
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes its way to the bloodstream until it reaches the thyroid where it is then signaled to activate T3 and T4 production [1]. This mechanism is controlled by a negative feedback loop meaning that when there is a sufficient amount of thyroid hormones in the blood stream, this will signal back to stop production of thyroid stimulating hormones. Complications occur when the thyroid hormones keep increasing even though there is already a sufficient amount of T3 and T4 in the blood stream. This process of over expression of thryroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a general term that includes any disease that has a consequence of an overabundance of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is a general term but there are many variant diseases that are in the hyperthyroidism category. These diseases include diffuse toxic goiter, Basedow’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, Parry’s and Graves’ disease.
Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC using WISQARS™. (2010). 10 Leading Causes of Death by Age Group, United States-2010. CDC.gov. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/leadingcauses.html
The purpose of the Australian Dietary Guidelines is to help people control their weight and the proper foods to eat. There are five main food groups to the dietary guidelines which are meats/ poultry, vegetables, fruits, grains/ bread and dairy. The dietary guideline implies you to eat 1 piece of meat, 5 vegetables (1/2 cup), 2 pieces of fruit, 2 dairy products and 7 serves of grains. All this should been consumed in one day to maintain a healthy weight and diet. I personally don’t eat 2 pieces of fruit a day but I do eat 5 vegetables every day, I don’t eat 7 different grains I only eat about 2 different grains but not every day only one a week. I drink or have yogurt every day during the
Smith, Melinda, and Jeanne Segal. "Anorexia Nervosa." Signs, Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment. Help Guide, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.
These last two years, however, I started to gain weight and have become concerned with my diet. Changing my poor eating habits has been difficult for me, however, having this assignment has taught me that it is not as difficult as I previously imagined. Nutrition experts in the United States and Canada have a list of standards with four list values. These list values are called the Dietary Reference Intakes. The DRI committee sets these values for vitamins, minerals, calories, and nutrients.
From 2001-2005, deaths of Indigenous infants represented 6.4% of the total Indigenous male deaths and 5.7% of the total Indigenous female deaths. While only 0.9% and 0.8% for the total non-Indigenous deaths. (A statistical overview of Aboriginal peoples in Australia, < http://www.hreoc.gov.au/social_justice/statistics/index.html>)
Paul, Maya W. “Healthy Fast Foods.” Help Guide. Help Guide, 10 Sep. 2010. Web. 9 May 2011.
Over two thirds of deaths in each year among estimated yearly deaths are due to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetics, cancer and upper res...