Diabetes mellitus being one of the most common uncommunicable diseases worldwide, it was estimated to affect about 382 million people in the world in 2013, and expected to increase to 592 million by 2035 (English, Milosevich & John, 2014). Diabetes is the seventh major cause of death and disability in the United States (Copstead & Banastik, 2013). According to Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, about seven million people with diabetes that are undiagnosed. Given to this reason, it is very important for this disease to be diagnosed appropriately with quality diagnostic tools in order to have a clear focus on the disease control and be able to educate patients on how they can manage the condition.
Diabetes is described as a group of
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This occurs due to the pancreatic beta cell damage by the body’s immune system, which is the only cells that produce insulin that regulate blood glucose. Patients with type 1 diabetes are usually placed on insulin therapy for life. Type 2 diabetes, this is the common type that occurs mainly in adults due to body’s inability to manufacture the needed insulin and the failure of the cells to use the insulin appropriately in the body. The type 2 diabetes needs to diagnose and control on time to prevent damage of the body systems. (ADA, 2010). Gestational diabetes is due to a glucose intolerance in the body, this is only diagnosed during pregnancy. It occurs mainly in women with obesity and those that has history of diabetes in their family (CDC, 2013). Other types of diabetes rate 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes. These is as a result of genetic conditions, surgery, medications, infections, pancreatic diseases and other illnesses (CDC, …show more content…
A1C have many advantages compared to glucose testing. A1C test can be done any time and it does not require patients to fast before the test, and avoid day to day variation in glucose levels, thereby making A1C the preferred diagnostic test (English, Milosevich & John, 2014). Study conducted by Mustafa et al on the potential effect of using A1C as a preferred diagnostic tool for detecting diabetes. They stated that main aim of A1C was to make diabetes diagnosis easy hence reducing the burden of undiagnosed disease. The study was aimed to identify the impact of the use A1C as a best tool to diagnose type 2 diabetes. They analysed the Leicester Ethnic Atherosclerosis and Diabetes Risk cohort of individuals that previously undiagnosed with diabetes aged between 40 and 75 who had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) repeated when within diabetic range and A1C result (Mostafa et al, 2010). They also measured the incidence and phenotype of individuals with type 2 diabetes focusing on A1C greater or equal to 6.5% using WHO 1999 criteria. Through this study, they detected 291 out of 8696 people with diabetes from using OGTT
According WebMD 2014. Diabetes mellitus (or diabetes) is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects your body's ability to use the energy found in food. There are three major types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. It is a hormonal disorder of the pancreas either decrease in insulin level also known as hypoinsulinism or increase in insulin level also known as hyperinsulinism. Lowered amounts, insufficient of, or ineffective use of insulin leads to the disorder of diabetes mellitus. It is common chronic disease requiring lifelong behavioral and lifestyle changes. According to Peakman (2012). The development of type 1 diabetes mellitus is a genetic and an autoimmune process that results in destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. There is usually a pre-diabetic phase where autoimmunity has already developed but with no clinically apparent insulin dependency. Insulin autoantibodies can be detected in genetically predisposed individuals as early as 6-12 months of age. In persons genetically susceptible to type 1 diabetes, a triggering event, possibly a viral infection the leads to production of autoantibodies that kill the beta cells and results in decline and a lack of insulin secretion. According to Wherrett. It is caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance and has a gradual onset. Those with type 2 diabetes may eventually need insulin treatment. Gestational diabetes mellitus is glucose intolerance during pregnancy in a woman not previously diagnosed with diabetes, this may occur if placental hormones counteract insulin, causing insulin intolerance. Complications in diabetes mellitus includes: Hypoglycemia it is ca...
Diabetes Mellitus can be diagnosed through blood work. Blood is drawn from the patient and tested.
Diabetes mellitus also known simply as diabetes refers to a group of metabolic diseases which affect the body’s homeostatic mechanism used for maintaining and regulating the body’s blood sugar levels. Diabetes is a chronic condition which, in 2013 was estimated to be affecting 382 million people worldwide.[1] People suffering from diabetes are required to constantly be vigilant of their blood sugar levels to ensure it does not go below or above optimum levels. Depending on the type of diabetes and glucose level range, they may need to inject themselves with insulin or eat high sugar foods to restabilise their body. Failure to do so can lead to other long term health effects.[2]
In 2009 the International Expert Committee, which consisted of experts from the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the International Diabetes Federation, released a report that recommended the use of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to diagnose diabetes (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2013; International Expert Committee, 2009). HbA1c is a widely used marker of chronic glycemia, because it reflects an individual’s average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month time period (ADA, 2013). Also, HbA1c is largely used as the standard biomarker for the adequacy of individuals’ glycemic management (ADA, 2013; Bao et al., 2010).
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic health issue faced by 347 million people around the world as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2013). It is predicted by the year 2030 over 366 million people will be diagnosed with diabetes (Stein, Eible, Sbruzzi, Lago, & Plentz, 2013). According to Stein et al (2013), 50% of DM cases will experience some type of neuropathy in their lifetime. "Chronic hyperglycemia is a major factor that induces nerve fiber injury" (Bulut, Ozcan, Cakan, Bektas, & Culha, 2010, p. 914). The pain caused by the damage is described as "burning, tingling, lancinating, formicating, aching, or tearing" (Wunderlich, Peters, Bosma, & Armstrong, 1998, p. 895).
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association. (2003). Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 26, 3160-3167. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3160
Diabetes is a disease that is very common in the world. Early detection of diabetes can significantly decrease the risk of it getting worse throughout a person’s life. There are symptom...
Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy. Diabetes falls into two main categories: type 1, or juvenile diabetes, which usually occurs during childhood or adolescence, and type 2, or adult-onset diabetes, the most common form of the disease, usually occurring after age 40. Type 1 results from the body’s immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The onset of juvenile diabetes is much higher in the winter than in the summer. This association has been repeatedly confirmed in diabetes research. Type 2 is characterized by “insulin resistance,” or an inability of the cells to use insulin, sometimes accompanied by a deficiency in insulin production. There is also sometimes a third type of diabetes considered. It is gestational diabetes, which occurs when the body is not able to properly use insulin during pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes encompasses nine out of 10 diabetic cases. Diabetes is the fifth-deadliest disease in the United States, and it has no cure. The total annual economic cost of diabetes in 2002 was estimated to be $132 billion, or one out of every 10 health care dollars spent in the United States. Diabetes risk factors can fall into three major categories: family history, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Minority groups and elderly are at the greatest risk of developing diabetes.
Current theories link the cause of diabetes, singly or in combination, to genetic, autoimmune, viral, and environmental factors (obesity, stress). Regardless of its cause, diabetes is primarily a disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent or insufficient insulin supplies and/or poor utilization of the insulin that is available. The two most common types of diabetes are classified as type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes and secondary diabetes are other classifications of diabetes commonly seen in clinical practice
Diabetes is a disease associated with the inability to store and metabolise glucose effectively. In the UK alone there are just under 3 million people diagnosed with diabetes and approximately 850,000 who are not aware that they have it. (Nhs.uk, 2014)
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by the pancreas or cellular destruction leading to an insulin deficiency. Depending on the cause of the insulin shortage, diabetes can be subcategorized into type I and type II. Type I diabetes (T1DM) is usually mediated by the destruction of b-cells in the pancreas resulting in decreased insulin production and secretion. Type II diabetes (T2DM) is the failure of these b-cells to secrete adequate amounts of insulin to compensate for insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis combined with an overall resistance to the insulin action (8., 1997). T2DM accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all diabetes cases.
"Type 1 Diabetes: Diagnosis and Management." Nice.org. National Institute for Clinical Excellence, July 2004. Web. 6 Jan. 2014.
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body’s tissues absorb glucose which is sugar, so it can be used as a source of energy. Glucose levels build up in the blood and urine which causes excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and protein metabolism in a diabetic person. Diabetes is very common in the United States; it is the seventh leading cause of all deaths. Women have been diagnosed with diabetes more than men. There are two forms of diabetes, Type one and Type two diabetes. Type one diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin or produces it in very small quantities. This usually occurs in younger people under twenty years of age, mostly around puberty. Type two diabetes is when the body’s balance between insulin production and the ability of cells to use insulin doesn’t work properly. This is more common than type one; about 90-95% people in the United States have it. There are no cures for diabetes now but there are many researchers investigating factors through new technologies to cure them. Meanwhile, technological advancements are being made to keep glucose at a good level for diabetes.
That is to say that “People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia” (“Diagnosis”). In order to seek the proper care for diabetes, patients must undergo: distinguishing its symptoms, classifying if it is pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes, and the proper treatment.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)