Developmental domains and developmental periods are important terms to know when discussing child development. When humans are developing they should hit different milestones, and parents should be aware of when certain developments take place in children. There are three developmental domains humans develop in, there is the physical-motor, perceptual-cognitive, and social-emotional. The physical-motor developmental domain includes the physical growth, mental growth, and the growth of strength in humans. Development in sensory and motor skills, and strong health is also developed during this time (Papalia & Martorell, 2015). The perceptual-cognitive developmental domain includes growth in mental abilities, attention span, memory, language, reasoning, thinking, the imagination, and
During the lifespan of a human there are eight different developmental periods that a human will go through, and during these periods the growth of physical, cognitive, and psychologic development takes place. The first period is the prenatal period, which is from conception to birth. During this period physical growth takes place, where a child will begin to form inside the womb. Children will also learn to respond to stimulation around them and respond to well known voices (Papalia & Martorell, 2015). The second period is the infancy and toddler period, which is from birth until the age of three. During this period physical and mental growth take place at a rapid rate, children also learn to remember things, comprehend problems, become self aware, and form attachments to their parents and others close to them (Papalia & Martorell, 2015). The third period is early childhood, which is from the age three to six. During this time a child will begin to slow down with physical growth and begin to improve in strength and motor skills. Also, children begin to think more logically, form better memories, improve on language skills, and begin to
During middle-to-late childhood, growth and development begins to slow down a bit. However, while the development may not be as rapid as it may have been in previous stages, it is more consistent and steady. The development that occurs during this stage begins to incorporate the skills learned in previous years, and the skills gained during this time are more applicable to real world situations. Cognitive development, intellectual development, and disabilities are key aspects to consider during this time.
Sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 years old) – Children begin to make sense of the world around them based on their interaction with their physical environment. Reality begins to be defined.
Theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Lawrence Kohlberg have studied and documented information about the stages of childhood development. The three main stages of childhood development are early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Each stage contains developmental behaviors and characteristics of different age groups. However, the childhood development stage that this paper is focus on is the middle childhood stage. During this phase in a child’s life, they go through a variety of changes. Such changes include; physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. According to this course text, HDEV (2010), middle childhood comprises children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. In addition, in relation to the information that is presented in this text about the
As a developmental psychologist, it is imperative as a professional to provide specific guidelines for the healthy development of infants, children, and adults as they encounter the four main stages of life. These four phases, beginning with pregnancy and birth, leading to infancy and childhood, adolescence, and ending with adulthood, will be discussed in correlation with specific strategies suggested for maintaining a standard rate of growth in an individual as it relates to each particular stage.
The first two years of a humans life are bursting with biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial development. In the first few weeks after conception to two years after birth a child’s brain experiences more growth than any other organ in the body. During the first two years of a child’s life the brain is very plastic and malleable. In order for children to continue down a path of success and learning there are certain experiences a child must have in order to develop normally. The First Two years of a child life is responsible for the foundation that is layed.
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. Piaget’s theory is similar his first stage (sensorimotor) happens between birth and two years of age. They both believe that infants start to get an understanding of life during their first two years of life. In these stages infants began to learn to trust and mistrust. Piaget and Erikson first stages can impact the infant's life for a lifetime. Both Theorists express their stages in a similar manner, Cognitive development also takes place with language being understood in the first few years of life. Psychosocial development is when security and safety at younger ages lead to a better view on the surroundings of a
This is the embryonic period, which occurs three weeks after conception and lasts until the eighth week. During the fourth week, the shape of the head begins to form, along with the formation of the eyes, mouth, nose, and mouth. Through the fifth and eighth week the lower body develops, as the legs and arms appear. After the embryonic stage, the fetal stage begins, which is during the ninth week through birth, where the fetus has a physical appearance distinctive to human features compared to when it was an embryo. At birth, one of the earliest signs of motor development is its first reflexes as a newborn coming out the mother’s womb. Newborns reflexes are not learned, rather they are born with these reflexes and act instinctively to protect itself in its first few months of life. At this point both the physical and motor development is starting to develop naturally at the same
Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social Development of Children Ages 0-8 Years Works Cited Not Included Physical development When the baby is picked up, the head falls backwards. This is because the neck muscles are not strong and developed enough to support the head. This is why the head always needs to be supported when the baby is lifted. When a newborn baby is held in a sitting position, they appear to roll up into a ball.
As children grow towards adolescence they go through many stages of development. Child development refers to the stages of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and language growth that occurs from the birth to beginning of adulthood. All aspects of a child's development may be affected by many different factors, including a poor learning environment, lack of social interaction, cultural background differences, abuse, and loss of a parent. All of the before mentioned examples can affect the child's maturation, "a biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience" (Myers 172). Children grow and mature at very different rates, some faster than others, which is why it is necessary to understand the importance of the different types of child development. Though all parts of child development are important, it is probably language learning that is most important to a child's development as a whole.
In the developing stages of a child, psychological factors play a huge role in th...
Adults and teachers need to do everything possible to keep physical development from being delayed. Adults can provide children with opportunities to help them in development. By the age of three a child's brain is three quarters of its adult size. From infancy to the age of two development is very rapid (Santrock, 1996). For this reason it is essential for the child to be able to explore their world around them.
Physical development is the process that starts in human infancy and continues into late adolescent concentrating on gross and fine motor skills as well as puberty. Puberty is the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing . Physical development focuses on increasing the skill and performance of the body. The sequence of physical development involves firstly gross motor skills that require control of large muscles in the body, arms and legs. Gross motor skills are larger movements your baby makes with his/her arms, legs, feet, or his/her entire body. Physical and cognitive development are closely linked, especially during the early years. When most teens mature their frontal lobes continue to develop. (Kuhn 2006 and silveri 2006) says that myelin is the fat tissue which forms around axons and speeds the neurotransmission which can enable the better communication with other regions
Physical and motor development are two similar but different areas that describe child development. Physical development encompasses all of the various changes a child's body goes through. Those changes include height, weight, and brain development. Motor development is the development of control over the body. This control would involve developing reflexes such as blinking, large motor skills like walking, and fine motor skills like manipulating their fingers to pick up small objects like Cheerios. It is important to objectively study physical and motor development in children to gain knowledge on what characteristics are considered typical for each age and stage of development. This will enable me to be aware of when a child or children are developing at an irregular pace, and devise recommendations or find experiences and other resources that can aid in stimulating their development and to work towards closing achievement gaps. This particular assignment was to observe the selected child and reaffirm the importance of studying physical and motor development, and to develop ideas on how to involve it in my work as an early childhood professional.
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
The infancy stage of development begins with the child is born, and continues until about eighteen months. During this stage a lot of growth takes place, especially physical growth. This stage of development coincides with Erikson’s stage of trust vs. mistrust.