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Causes of schizophrenia conclusion
Name environmental and biological causes of schizophrenia
What causes schizophrenia essay
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Developmental and Cultural Consideration of Childhood Schizophrenia
The cause of schizophrenia is unknown but one of the developmental issues for the disease of schizophrenia is its high transmission rate through the genes of the parent to the child (Addington, 2007). It is estimated that as much as 85%, of the people worldwide who have the disease, get it through inheritance (Addington, 2007). Studies have been done on the genetic make-up of the disease using a gene reproduction approach (Addington, 2007). The introductory reports of genetic inheritance came through research by Stefansson, when Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) was identified as a developmental risk factor on chromosome 8p12 (Steffansson, Sigurdsson, Steinthorsdottir, Bjornsdottir, Sigmundsson & Ghosh, 2002). Neuregulin 1 is a molecule that signals or controls neural development, and if it is not performing normally, it can become a risk in the development of schizophrenia. (Steffansson, Sigurdsson, Steinthorsdottir, Bjornsdottir, Sigmundsson & Ghosh, 2002). If a person has been diagnosed with schizophrenia there is a seven to nine percent chance that he or she will have a sibling that is diagnosed with the disease (Cobert, 2010). According to Kearney, “Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has biological bases in genetic predispositions, prenatal events, and brain and biochemical changes” (Kearney, 2013, p. 180).
Another developmental issue is the idea of schizophrenia being caused by a virus. The theory states that a woman subjected to viruses during the second trimester of pregnancy puts the child at risk for development of the disease (Cobert, 2010). One of the reasons for this thinking comes from the flu epidemic of 1918 when there was an increase of schizophrenia flu patients (Cobert, 2010). Other viral suspects considered are, Cytomegalic, Herpes 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr, and Human Retroviruses have been suggested as having a roll to play in schizophrenia (Cobert, 2010). Cobert goes on the say that the evidence is lacking for virus as being a cause for schizophrenia (Cobert, 2010, p. 48).
The psychotic quality of schizophrenia can develop in several ways. The prodromal or introductory phase is marked by a decline in behavior over a period of months. After the prodromal phase there is an active or more intense stage of delusions or hallucinations that occur. Following treatment for the disease there is a residual phase where the person returns to an improved behavior levels (Kearney, 2013). According to the DSM 5 the same features that accompany adult or adolescent schizophrenia are found in child onset schizophrenia but are more challenging to diagnose.
Note: Client is a 40 year old, disabled, single, Mexican-American Male. Client is currently homeless throughout Ventura County. Client is enrolled with Ventura County Behavioral Health 8390 South Oxnard Adults Clinic with a diagnosis of F25.9 Schizoaffective Disorder, Unspecified. Client was previously a long term client of Ventura County Behavioral Health EPICS program with a diagnosis of 295.30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type.
Tsuang, M. T., Faraone, S. V., & Glatt, S. J. (2011). Schizophrenia. New York: Oxford University Press.
The causes of schizophrenia and the related psychotic illness have been the subject of much
The neurodevelopmental Basis of Schizophrenia. Austin, TX: Landes Co.
For many years schizophrenia was thought to be caused by bad parenting, the so-called "refrigerator mother" was to blame. Today there exists much more information on the disorder and the evidence points to the commonly accepted notion of a chemical imbalance in the brain. Unfortunately, many people still confuse schizophrenia with multiple personality disorder when, in fact, the two are separate. Schizophrenia however, deals more with people who simply don't have a firm grip on reality.
Mental illnesses are diseases that plague a being’s mind and corrupts one’s thoughts and feelings. Schizophrenia is one of the many disastrous illnesses that consume one’s life, is known as a real disease that deserves much attention. Experts believe that what causes the illness is a defect in the gene’s of the brain, and little signs of schizophrenia are shown until about one’s early adult years. Some effects of schizophrenia can either be negative or positive, but even if the effects could be either one, people should still be aware that there is something puzzling and alarming happening in the mind of a schizophrenic patient.
Families with a member suffering from any illness may be stressful enough but families with members diagnosed with schizophrenia are often faced with additional challenges such as the “external stressors of social stigma, isolation, and emotional frustration”. Many times, family conflicts arise as members attempt to provide care on an everyday basis (Chien, 2010, pg. xi). “A Beautiful Mind” is a brilliant motion picture directed by Ron Howard that chronicles the life of one John Nash, a prominent mathematician and the challenges he endures throughout his adult life afflicted with a chronic mental illness. “A Beautiful Mind” allows us to gain insight into the stressors that many families undergo when faced with living with a person with schizophrenia. This paper will explore the impact of schizophrenia on the lives of the Nash family as depicted in the aforementioned movie. Exploring the impact of the disease on the Nash family’s life will be followed with a discussion regarding an assessment conducted of the family, through the use of the Calgary Family Assessment model. Conducting the assessment allowed us to determine two nursing priorities, and nursing interventions in relation to them through the use of the Calgary intervention model. Essentially it becomes evident that the challenges faced by the Nash family are in the functional domain. The families inability to effectively communicate and problem solve becomes evident, which is negatively impacting the families ability to function effectively. Our nursing interventions guided by the Calgary Nursing Intervention Model will focus on providing the Nash family with the support needed to bring about change in the affective domain in foster effective communication with the famil...
There is a definite biological basis for this disease, although it is not totally understood. For a long time schizophrenia was a mystery to doctors and scientists. Virtually any patient with a psychological disorder used to be placed under the expansive umbrella that defined the disease. Poor parenting was a misleading, early excuse for the troubles caused by what is now known to be substantially based in genetics. The most current idea of origin is that this disorder occurs during the crucial beginning months of life, those spent within the womb. Neither ...
[3]The disorder is thought to be environmental. Trauma, emotional, and stress disorders are mentioned as people who have had difficulties with schizophrenia would have no record of the genetic based disorder in their family.
The domination of schizophrenia in specific geographical countries suggests a strong association between genetics and schizophrenia’s aetiology. Surveys regarding adopted, by different families, monozygotic twins were made. These surveys were established to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and genes. The studies showed a potent genetic aetiology. Chances increase by fifty percent to develop schizophrenia once the other twins be diagnose with the disorder. Among schizophrenic patients, having schizophrenic siblings increases the chances of developing schizophrenia by eight percent. Other family studies have showed that 12% of children with schizoph...
The initial diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder can be somewhat confusing. Many patients and loved ones wonder, “What does that mean?” “How is it different than Schizophrenia?” We’re here to break it down for you. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Schizoaffective Disorder is classified as: An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a Major Mood Episode (Major Depressive or Manic) concurrent with the Criterion A of Schizophrenia. The Major Depressive Episode must include Criterion A1. Depressed mood. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a Major Mood Episode (Depressive or Manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness. Symptoms that meet criteria for a Major Mood Episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness. The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance or another medical condition.
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects one to two percent of people worldwide. The disorder can develop as early as the age of five, though it is very rare at such an early age. (3)) Most men become ill between the ages of 16 and 25 whereas most women become ill between the ages of 25 and 30. Even though there are differences in the age of development between the sexes, men and women are equally at risk for schizophrenia. (4) There is of yet no definitive answer as to what causes the disorder. It is believed to be a combination of factors including genetic make-up, pre-natal viruses, and early brain damage which cause neurotransmitter problems in the brain. (3)
According the fourth edition diagnostic manual of mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), the category psychotic disorders (Psychosis) include Schizophrenia, paranoid (Delusional), disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual type. Other clinical types include Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Affective Disorder/Manic depression, mania, Psychotic depression, delusional (paranoid) disorders. These are mental disorders in which the thoughts, affective response or ability to recognize reality, and ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality; the classical and general characteristics of psychosis are impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions. Mostly, these are used as defining features of psychosis even if there are other psychotic symptoms that characterise these disorders (L. Bortolotti, 2009).
A genetic factor of schizophrenia would be a gene on chromosome twenty-two called COMT ( ...
To answer the question stated earlier, adolescent schizophrenia is an interesting and puzzling disorder where the brain becomes severely immobilized. There are 4 main types of schizophrenia all based on age. Very early onset schizophrenia, VEOS, occurs before the child’s 13th birthday. Early onset schizophrenia, EOS, will be seen before the 18th birthday. Childhood onset schizophrenia, COS, which occurs at the pre-pubertal stage, in relation to the chronological age of the child, will be shown when the child is 12 years old or younger. Finally adolescent-onset schizophrenia is shown between the ages of 13 and 17. Some of the main reasons for this disorder are neurobiological and neurophysiological difficulties and genetic problems. The problematic part of the genes happen on chromosomes 6, 8,10,13,18 and 22. With neurobiological problems, some symptoms would be reduced cerebral volume, changes in serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Neurophysiological aspects consist of a lowered IQ, reduced language perception, poor speech production and formal thought disorders. Many other problems can come with having schizophrenia. Some the main reoccurring problems that are associated with this disorder are hallucinations and delusions, and there is actually a vast difference between the two. Hallucinations can be auditory, gustatory or ...