Introduction Adolescence is the transition stage after childhood according to theories from researchers (Berk, 2010). Adolescents will encounter a number of distinctive developmental challenges which include coping with rapid changes in their bodies, managing their sexual importance, developing new affiliations, parent-child bonding and forecasting their academic and occupational expectations. Hence, this assignment will explore the physical and emotional developmental stages of human beings according to Erik Erikson’s theory, identification of two developmental issues in the given case study, the writer’s stage of development, and an overview of an article relating to the developmental stages. Discussion Physical changes This case study is about a 15 year old boy named Marcus who encounters a number of problems during his adolescent stage. One of Erik Erikson’s eight stages of human development is identified as identity versus role confusion which starts from adolescence. During this stage, an adolescent begins to question their role in life, and may experience role confusion about their future adult role (Berk, 2010). Erik Erikson states that the first sign of physical changes is puberty and each individual achieves puberty at different ages (Berk, 2010). As a male, Marcus is overweight, short and has a very high pitched voice in contrast to other boys’ physiques. His body image may be related to genes that run in his family and that makes him vulnerable to his peers who always make fun of his image. Therefore, any abnormalities must be detected early to avoid dysfunction in adulthood which may be difficult to tackle once the stage has passed (Goodman, McEwen, Dolan, Schafer-Kalkhoff & Adler, 2005). Emotional state ... ... middle of paper ... ...nal of Divorce & Remarriage, 51(2), 83-107. Berk, L. E. (2010). Development through the lifespan (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Bulanda, R. E., & Majumdar, D. (2009). Perceived parent–child relations and adolescent self-esteem. Journal of Child and Family Study, 18(7), 203-212. Crain, W. (2005). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (5th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Goodman, E., McEwen, B. S., Dolan, L. M., Schafer-Kalkhoff, T. & Adler, N. E. (2005). Social disadvantage and adolescent stress. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37(11), 484-492. Ohannessian, C. M. (2009). Media use and adolescent psychological adjustment: An examination of gender differences. Journal of Child and Family Study, 18(2), 582-593. Perry, D. G., & Pauletti, R. E. (2011). Gender and adolescent development. Journal of Research on Adolescent, 21(1), 61-74.
Eric Erikson developed eight different psychosocial stages which emphasize the lifespan development during the major periods in life. The first psychosocial stage is infancy and it embraces the age of birth to one year old. The infancy crisis is trust versus mistrust which emphasizes that if children are taken care of; they will be able to gain confidence as well as trust. In the other hand, if they developed mistrust they will develop a sense of insecurity. Erickson’s second stage is toddlerhood which embraces the ages of one to three and deals with the stage crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt. In the toddlerhood stage, toddlers are able to use mental skills and are able to start deciding for themselves. The third stage is early childhood, and it embraces the ages of three to six with the stage crisis of initiative versus guilt. During the early childhood stage children are able to gain the characteristics of ambition and responsibility and it is developed through the parent’s support. On the other hand if parents are too demanding children will develop guilt. The next stage is middle adulthood which ranges in the ages of six to eleven; children are able to develop the characteristic cooperation but, inferiority can also arise with negative experiences which can cause a stage crisis of industry versus i...
Crain, W. (2011). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
We are introduced to adolescence in the 5th stage of development. Adolescence begins for boys around the age of 14 and continues up until the age of 21 years of age. At this stage of development, there are many changes that occur emotionally, physically, sexually and spiritually (McGoldrick, Carter, & Garcia Preto, 2011). At this time, adolescent kids are going through changes in their body. They are dealing with coming into their own sexuality. Skills pertaining to social skills and social relationships are being developed through experience. Adolescents are also increasing their skills of physical and mental coordination, such as learning about the world and working on their own coordination. Adolescence is also characterized by learning their own identity and where they fit in the world, as well as learning their relationship with peers and those around them. Spiritual identity is also developed along with a deeper understanding of life. Independence is something that is also weighing on the mind of an adolescent. Overall changes in the family structure can also occur when a child of this age reaches this
Steinberg, Laurence & Morris, Amanda Sheffield. “Adolescent Development.” Annual Review of Psychology, (Annual 2001): 83-110. [E Journal]
This period is marked by physical, social, moral and emotional development (Davies, Hartdegen, Haxell, Le Geyt & Mercier, 2012). It is a time when the adolescent’s sense of self or identity is becoming much more clear and they are beginning to understand their role in society, starting to question the morals of others and contemplating their own moral and ethical beliefs (Davies et al., 2012). During this time Erik Erikson believed that adolescents are faced with the psychosocial stage of identity versus role confusion (Berk, 2008). Adolescents explore their values and role in society, overcoming this conflict to better understand their own identity, however if they do not fully overcome this conflict, Erikson believed that the adolescent would be confused about their values and future adult roles (Berk, 2008). This conflict was clearly demonstrated in my own development during the late teenage years when I experienced both the results of failing to overcome and then overcoming Erikson’s fifth psychosocial stage. At age eighteen I finished secondary school and began my tertiary studies, I had been accepted into the degree I had wanted to study since middle childhood, however I quickly learnt that I was enjoying neither my studies nor my experience of life in halls of residence. I discontinued my studies after only
Stage four of Erickson`s eight stages of development is middle childhood. This stage ranges from around age six to age eleven. It includes elementary school and the beginning of middle school. Each stage has a center crisis that needs to be addressed in order for healthy development to take place. Erickson calls this stage industry versus inferiority. Cognitive development is rapid in this age group. During this stage of development the school age child is rapidly mastering skills and taking in lots of new information. The center of the elementary school student`s universe is school. Children strive to complete tasks to the best of their ability and live up to the expectations of their parents and teachers as well as gain the acceptance and respect of their peers. This age group thrives to prove themselves by successfully completing projects. The importance of the development of self-esteem and self confidence is vital at this age according to Ericson. More successful kids gain a sense of competence while kids who have less success completing tasks might be affected negatively and feel inferior to their peers.
There are various theories of development which have an influence on current practices in schools today.
Egan, Susan K., and David G. Perry. "Gender Identity: A Multidimensional Analysis With Implications For Psychosocial Adjustment.." Developmental Psychology 37.4 (2001): 451-463. Print.
Erik Erikson formulated a model to understand the developmental tasks involved in the social and emotional development of children and teenagers which continues into adulthood. Each stage is regarded by Erikson as a “psychosocial crisis,” which arises and demands resolution before the next stage can be satisfactorily negotiated. Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a
Successful resolution of this psychosocial stage of development is imperative in order to acquire an enduring incorporated sense of self and to progress to the next stage of development. Society and one’s culture also contributes enormously to the commitment or prevention of dealing with the challenges faced during adolescence. Regardless of what challenges are faced during this stage of development, overcoming it is a fundamental necessity in order to progress into a strong-willed and stable individual in
Sim, T. N. (2000). Adolescent psychosocial competence: The importance and role of regard for parents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10, 49-64. DOI 10.1207/SJRA1001_3
As children grow towards adolescence they go through many stages of development. Child development refers to the stages of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and language growth that occurs from the birth to beginning of adulthood. All aspects of a child's development may be affected by many different factors, including a poor learning environment, lack of social interaction, cultural background differences, abuse, and loss of a parent. All of the before mentioned examples can affect the child's maturation, "a biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience" (Myers 172). Children grow and mature at very different rates, some faster than others, which is why it is necessary to understand the importance of the different types of child development. Though all parts of child development are important, it is probably language learning that is most important to a child's development as a whole.
Sen, Suvarna. "ADOLESCENCE: A PERIOD OF STRESS AND STRAIN." Mental Health Reviews. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . Fourth
If yes, to what extent? Is there any significant relationship between FDI, domestic investment and the economic growth and development of the economy? If so, what is the nature of the relationship? This study therefore aims at providing answers to the above questions. b. MODEL SPECIFICATION
In America, the society runs on what teenagers want. From Nicki Minaj to the junior section at Sears, most of what the people see, hear, or touch is aimed at the teenagers. Being an adolescent is probably the most exciting and most popular time period in a person’s life. The teens seem to have it all, but what about the parents who raise them? The parents of the teenagers never get any credit during this time period, although they have every right to. Parents and teenagers should strive for a strong, lasting relationship for these years, though most times there isn’t one. The relationship between teenagers and parents is the most vital bond in the family because this relationship should and will prepare them for the next step in life.