1. Introduction At this time many countries are facing environmental problems due to the use of private vehicles that are not controlled as air and noise pollution, traffic congestion, and other environmental impacts. There are many such issues in some developing countries that are growing rapidly in the industry sector and the economy. This requires a strategy and policy in dealing with issues such as the implementation of the congestion pricing, restriction of vehicles at a specified time, improvement public transportation services, infrastructure development for the use of non-motorized so as to increase use of bicycles and walking distance to travel, etc. The level of use of private vehicles usually follows the level of vehicle ownership. Along with the increase in private vehicle ownership rate, the use of private vehicles is expected to continue to increased primarily as it occurs in the developing regions such as in Indonesia, particularly in big cities such as Jakarta and Bandung. An increasing number of these vehicles are not balanced with the amount of road capacity (supply) in order to accommodate the number of vehicles (demand) is used on the road. Increased use of private vehicles that are not balanced by the number of existing road capacity causing congestion problems in almost all major cities in Indonesia. Growth in the use of private vehicles are fast and uncontrolled provide tangible and significant consequences to the city and the people who live in it. The impact of a decrease in environmental impacts such as air quality and global climate change. Various efforts in dealing with this issue have conducted one with Transport Demand Management, which aims to maximize the efficiency of the urban transport syste... ... middle of paper ... ...agai pihak baik dari masyarakat dan polik lokal. Keberhasilan penerapan ERP terhadap kinerja lalu intas ini dapat terwujud apabila dilakasanakan dengan perencanaan yang matang dan didukung dengan membangun system transportasi angkutan umum yang baik dan infrastruktur transportasi yang terintegrasi dengan baik sehingga mudah dijangkau dan dengan harga yang murah sehingga masyrakat mempunyai pilihan dalam melakukan perjalanan. Melihat kondisi yang ada di Kota Jakarta saat ini, penerapan ERP pada jangka waktu dekat belum bisa diterapkan. Hal ini dikarenakan ketidaksiapan system transportasi angkutan umum yang belum baik, infrastruktur yang belum menunjang kelancaran penerapan ERP maupun kebijakan yang mengatur serta mengawasi pelaksanaan penerapan ERP. Tetapi untuk selanjutnya apabila semua system tersebut sudah bisa dbuat dengan baik maka penerapan ERP dapat berhasil
...hing, more prominent than the effect on the farms. The automobile has radically changed city life by accelerating the outward expansion of population into the suburbs. The suburban trend is emphasized by the fact that highway transportation encourages business and industry to move outward to sites where land is cheaper, where access by car and truck is easier than in crowded cities, and where space is available for their one or two story structures. Better roads were constructed, which further increased travel throughout the nation. As with other automobile-related phenomena, the trend is most noticeable in the United States but is rapidly appearing elsewhere in the world.
These include encouraging commuters to use public transport, decongesting public transport, decentralizing businesses from the Greater Toronto Area, investing in transport infrastructure, passing relevant transport legislation and dialog with stakeholders in transport industry. These solutions aim at discouraging the use of private vehicles and increasing the effectiveness of public transport to increase the capacity and speeds needed to reduce congestion in Toronto. However, it is important to involve all relevant stakeholders when developing solutions to the transport congestion since as earlier discussed, these people may offer very effective solutions to this problem since they are the major road users. The general public will also be keen to follow changes made to improve the transport sector if it is involved in the change process. This will ensure that Toronto has one of the best transport systems not only in North America but across the
Pollution is a major problem for all of us. People need to recognize this situation so we can start making a difference to this problem. In order to start making a difference, the federal government should increase gasoline tax by one dollar a gallon. Fifty percent of this dollar will go towards public transportation, since passenger cars and trucks are a major contribution towards air pollution, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, E.P.A (10/4, http://www.epa.gov/autoemissions/emsns.html). Due to the expected increase after this is put forth, the remaining fifty percent of the dollar will go towards safety on these transits. When public transportation increases, air pollution will decrease, which will lessen the harmful health risks towards the environment.
Newman, P. (1999). Transport: reducing automobile dependence. In D. Satterthwaite (Ed.), The Earthscan reader in sustainable cities (pp. 67-92). London: Earthscan Publications.
Finding ways to move goods from one point to another at a reasonable cost and within an acceptable time frame is a growing challenge for global businesses today. The costs and risks associated with transportation are increasing with the advent of globalization and low-cost-country sourcing. Even for companies with local operations only, they have to supply their products to various parts of a country which increases the costs and risks. Since the cost of gasoline has been on an upward trend, high level of efficiency in transportation is required to lower the costs involved and the risks associated with the costs. Costs concepts in transportation include economic, social and accounting costs. The risks and costs involved increases if the various modes of transport are used. There has been concern over many businesses failure to strategically think when they employ multimodal transportation services. Many businesses prefer the least expensive multimodal model instead of choosing the most effective; this trade-off is very expensive with hidden costs and risks increasing significantly (Molenaar, Anderson, Schexnayder, National Research Council (U.S.)., National Cooperative Highway Research Program., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., & United States, 2010).
In 2013, Paul Kennedy argued in his presentation program CBC radio Ideas that “parking causes huge economic, environmental, and even social problems” (“Paying for Parking”). In 2009, a research shown there were 607 motor vehicles owned per 1000 people (“The World Bank”). Vehicle is one of the major transportation tools that widely used in Canada. We can see parking lots everywhere including schools, shopping malls, hospitals and airports in North American. Huge amount vehicles require more and more lands are designed for parking in cities. It shapes our cities, house costs, causes the air pollutions and wastes our time (“Paying for Parking”). The current urban planning and parking regulations are the necessary and remote factors that eventually causes economic and environmental problems.We should change the parking policy to prevent the environmental problem happens.
Both of the two auto vehicles are brought into the human industry as the use of benefit students’ lives become more convenient traveler. In commons, the two automobile created opportunities jobs in the economic companies’ nation. Plus, several students did not noticed that both cars and public transportation have one major similar concept where two of the transit vehicle produce environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and oil consumption problems. Encounter, the public transportation and cars can cause a huge impact to the environmental which it can lead human health problems. Mostly, both of the automobile still release noxious gases into the air, and over time the built up can change the environment global warming to like an unhealthy
Web. "The Future of the Automobile in the Urban Environment. " Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 45.7 (1992): 7-22. Web.
Melosi, Martin V. “The Automobile Shapes the City.” Automobiles in American Life and Society. 2004-2010. Web. 26 November 2013.
OTA stated that based on current trends in population and travel … the number of vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) nationwide is projected to increase by 2 to 3 percent per year from now through 2005, resulting in a cumulative increase of about 40 to 60 percent. Obviously, VMT growth could have a major impact on traffic flow in urban areas, as well as on air pollution (84).
We all use vehicles for transportation. People usually go to their desired destination either by driving their own cars or traveling in public transportation. Actually, it might be tough to choose that which one is the best selection for people to travel. Many people choose one of them according to their comfort while traveling and both of them have advantages and disadvantages in different conditions. Public transportation and driving own car both shares differences and similarities in many aspects, such as facility, cost, and comfort as well as traffic jam and accident occurrence.
On the contrary, using private car is the same convenience of travelling as public transport. When people are in a hurry, they can suddenly go ev...
It is considered a holistic approach that might be involved some factors providing an overall speed of journey (Mannering, Walter, and Scott, 2004). Wyatt (1997) states that the rail transportation has been made the urban areas to develop the transport network places with producing a good network to be placed over location with a poor network. For example in European Union (EU), the rail company had been employing around 570,000 people across passenger and freight operations in year 2012. From here, the rail transport is critical by the EU strategy to improve their economic condition. This rail sector had been makes a large contribution in oversea country.
The fast population growth rate of humans means that the necessity for transportation vehicles is also enormously increasing. Studies have shown that in 1999 the worldwide number of vehicles registered was 700 million. From this huge number of vehicles, the US has a large share, which includes 200 million cars and light trucks. The number of cars worldwide also grew three times faster Competition for good things like public health, making the earth safe to live are positive aspects of competition, but global competition can also have a downside concerning the environment. This is true for the production of vehicles, as companies are coming with designs and new models with improved engines, but fuel consumption and the pollution of the air remains the same.
Never the less these problems have arisen and present a very serious issue for not only our generation but for future generations also. Therefore, changes need to be made in Urban transport.