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History of constructional engineering
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Introduction
As we realize that Construction is the way toward developing a building or framework. Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations and comes from Latin constructionem (from com- "together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry compromises of 6 % to 9 % of the gross domestic product (GDP) of developed countries. Construction begins with planning, design, and financing; and continues until the project is built and ready for use. The Construction Industry is a vital marker of the
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highways and utility systems). This may incorporate maintenance and repairs, additions, new work, alterations. There are 3 major sectors in construction industry which are as follows:
• The 1st is the construction of buildings (both residential and nonresidential).
• The 2nd involves heavy and civil engineering such as streets and bridges, utility systems, land subdivision and highways. Firms in these two sectors are principally encorporated in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual projects and are commonly known as general contractors.
• The 3rd major sector of construction industry includes establishments in the specialty trades, which are primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g. masonry, painting and electrical work) of a project. Specialty trade contractors obtain orders for their work from general contractors, architects or property owners.
When we see an economic downturn many of the different industries are affected in different ways depending upon their demand. The industry which always seems to be affected first and the last to recover is the construction industry. The construction industry is one of the largest sectors of the UK’s economy. It contributes around £90billion which is 6.7% of the total and 2.9 million people are employed within the construction sector. (HM Government, 2013) (Barawas and Fleetwood et al., 2013) This contribution is measured by the Gross Value Added (GVA), here below is a table to represent the contribution the construction industries GVA (for 2012 prices) and its % of economy.
Construction work and jobs take place in rural, suburban, metro, and urban areas. The work environment can take place in the outdoors, indoors, industrial, and even underground. On average a construction worker works about 8-12 hours a day, 5 days a week.
This includes the construction of new homes, office buildings and manufacturing facilities. During these difficult economic times, the new construction of manufacturing plants is quite rare, but existing plants are being retrofitted for new occupants. An experienced electrical contractor can manage this type of work as well.
Construction Management is the overall planning, outlook, coordination, budget and control of a construction project from start to finish. Without them, construction projects would be very unorganized and chaotic. They make sure projects run smoothly and efficiently. They work with electricians, plumbers, carpenters and general contractors to produce the safest and best way to complete the project for the customer. Being a construction manager is a good job because they help many people build what they need.
In addition, it is now attracting young workers to full key positions and the use of career training, apprenticeship programs are just a few ways the industry is looking to improve its image and move away from the misconceptions of the past. Construction is also, viewed as a ordinary employment that does not carry any respect even though without such work many of the infrastructure that exist today would not have been built. The industry is therefore a valuable commodity to any society as it creates economical advantages and opportunities that are vital to the survival of all individuals. Another, depiction of the industry is that it is dangerous many individuals in this
A number of factors affect the productivity ratio in construction; labour force, processes, quality and external influences. The quantity and quality of resources utilized has a direct result on productivity. Utilizing the highest quality equipment, best supplies and most skilled workers will certainly produce better results in a shorter period of time than ...
Brooke (1997), explains Estimation as the technical procedure of anticipating the value of the project. Building construction estimation is the process of acquiring the construction value for the whole project before the project starts. Thus, construction attaining process depends hugely on financial management to sustain workability and smooth operations. The delay in construction is a global issue which is due to improper preparation of estimates and lack of drawings (Ajanlekoko, 1987). In accordance to Gkritza (2008), the source of delay in a project are identified to be in the initial stages, like bad quantification, errors in design and ground conditions. Thus, the purpose of a proper estimate is to foretell the cost needed to finish the
This paper explores what it takes to be a construction manager and the responsibilities of being a construction manager and the skills that a construction manager should have. It also explores what good construction managers do to have success on their construction projects and the steps that a construction manager must follow to end a project and meet their deadlines at the same
In general, there are different types of procurement type for various situations, due to no one method can be suitable under the all different construction project. In this case, there are four procurement paths, which are traditional, design and build, management and design and manage, which will be advised to use. However, each method has different advantages and disadvantages. First, traditional path is the tender documents have been prepared and then invite the tender and the employer appoints the contractor to construct the project. There are several advantages of this traditional route in the construction industry.
As mankind takes its step into the 21st century, infrastructure is one thing that must not be forgotten. The main types of engineers that would be involved would be civil engineers. They play the most important role because they will design the new and repair the old structures. Another thing that they will help with is the inspections they do to make sure the designs are followed.
The construction industry is not easy to deal because they are a lot companies that you will compete with. The only way to deal with the challenges that the business faces is to have a background of the business and know how to operate and do a lot of research, have a well trained staff make a market survey and have enough funds.
Introduction Real estate is a fixed, tangible and immovable asset in the form of houses or commercial property (Seldin & Richard 1985). Real estate market involves developing, renting, selling/purchasing and renovating of these assets (houses). Market participants include developers (contractors, engineers, and so on), facilitators (mortgage companies, real estate brokers, banks, management agents and so on), owners, renters (leasers) and renovators (Seldin & Richard 1985). Like other economic markets, real estate markets have internal and external forces that impact the market (Seldin & Richard 1985). Demand and supply forces have the major impact on the industry as they determine growth or decline in the market (Seldin & Richard 1985).
Infrastructure Management and Construction deals with project management, construction materials, construction engineering and building engineering.
Civil engineering encompasses many specializations, and many hold supervisory positions. Some specializations of civil engineering include structural, construction, and geotechnical engineering. When supervising the construction of things ranging from roads to dams, engineers must consider factors such as construction costs, government regulations, and environmental hazards. Additionally, civil engineers may also spend their time doing research, and at the same time teaching future engineers
The tertiary sector of the economy (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three economic sectors, the others being the secondary sector (approximately the same as manufacturing) and the primary sector (agriculture, fishing, and extraction such as mining) The service sector consists of the "soft" parts of the economy,