Describe Stroop's Famous Experiment and the Stroop Effect
Strop Ridley wrote the article, known as the “Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions” in the year 1935. The article was based on a research that he conducted using colors to analyze the effects of interference on serial verbal reactions. The main objective of the research was establishing relationships between common changes in the environment and the reaction to these changes with respect to time (Stroop, 1935). In his study, Stroop developed a model that was meant to analyze the reaction by some students with regards to color identification and reading out words painted in different colors.
The article has details of three experiments that were carried out to realize the objectives of the study. According to the first experiment, the focus was to establish the effects of Interfering Color Stimuli upon Reading Names of Colors Serially. The experiment had 70 college students as the subjects, 14 males and 56 females. The study was meant to illustrate the stimulus effects by use of different colors. The students were expected to read out the colors of different words printed in different colors in which they represented. For example, the word blue would be printed in color red and the students asked to read out the color of the word.
The second experiment that was illustrated in the article was also aimed at identifying the effect of interfering word stimuli upon naming colors serially. In this experiment, the color of the print was the dependent variable. This meant that the students were supposed to identify with the color of the print, but not on the name that was read out (Stroop, 1935). The experiment had 100 students taking part, 88 of them being underg...
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...ction to ensure that it met the desired objectives. The experiment illustrated that the brain reacted differently to different stimuli and this showed that there are different issues that are involved in the interpretation of stimuli.
In conclusion, the experiments on the Stroops effects to stimuli are well defined to demonstrate the reaction of the brain to varying stimuli. The experiments have been used throughout the article to illustrate how the brain functions in response to interference and the students who were used demonstrated that incongruent reactions take more time to respond than the other reaction types.
Works Cited
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662
Telford, C. W. (1930). Differences in responses to colors and their names. J. Genet. Psychol., 37, 151-159.
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
Festinger’s original experiment was a simple procedure. Have someone perform a tedious task for a while, then inform the subject that the experiment is finished, but that they could be of assistance with the rest of the experiment as a research assistant. Festinger explained that his regular assistant was unable help that day, and that the experiment was an investigation of preconceptions on task performance. In other words, how will the performance differ when the subject has been told that the task is boring, as opposed to being told that the task is very enjoy...
The Web. 26 Mar. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Kaya, Naz. A. Epps, Helen H. "Relationship Between Color And Emotion: A Study Of College Students." College Student Journal 38.3 (2004): 396-405. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection.
Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
1) Text: Rosenzweig, Leiman, and Breedlove. 2nd Edition. Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroscience. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts, 1999.
...all, the lack of general knowledge of the non-words made the experiment a cumbersome process, especially during the experiment’s incipient stage. However, the process was worthwhile as I experienced firsthand the dissociation of learning and memory.
However, because this claim is based on subjective reports and has never been verified with objective measures, it was Rothen and Meier’s (2010) aim to test whether there really is a higher prevalence of grapheme-color synesthesia in artists. Their sample was a group of fine-art students. Participants were individually presented with 36 graphemes (A^Z; 0^9), one at a time, in random order. Each grapheme was accompanied, on the same screen, by a palette of 13 basic colors, the same each time but randomly arranged on each trial. Participants were required to select the ‘best’ color for each grapheme. After an initial presentation, an immediate surprise retest followed, in which the graphemes were presented again in a re-randomized order. The consistency score was calculated as the number of identical grapheme-color associations. In simpler terms, they showed a number on the screen then the participants picked which color suited the number best from a palette. They were then tested again in a different order and a consistency score was calculated to verify the participant had synesthesia. They found the proportion of synesthetes was significantly higher for the art students (seven synesthetes in the art students group, two in the control) (Rothen & Meier, 2010).
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279-301.
...experiment, felt that the experiment made such a deep impression on him that he became convinced that “social sciences and psychology, are much more important in today’s world.'; One can only imagine the inner conflicts that were running through his head. After the experiment, he described the mood, “I did want to stop at that time. I turned around and looked at [the experimenter]. I guess it’s a matter of…authority.';
Treisman, A. (1964). Monitoring and storage of irrelevant messages in selective attention. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 3(6): 449-459.
Hewstone, M. Fincham, F. and Foster, J (2005). Psychology. Oxford: The British Psychological Society, and Blackwell Publishing. P3-23.
In this interesting topic of the psychology of colors, the most crucial pattern is the meaning of each color and his impact on the individual as it is represented as the following:
Berkowitz, L. & Cotton, J. (1984). Cognitive Dissonance in Selective Exposure. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 357-373.
McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological review, 88(5), 375.