Depression and Peplau 's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships
Introduction
Countless theories have been developed by health care professionals that have created the framework for clinical nursing practice today. Health problems, such as depression, may be treated successfully by health care professionals using the nursing process and reputable nursing theories. The most common psychiatric health condition among the elderly is depression. Sadly, depression leads to high incidences of death in the elderly population, as individuals greater than 85 years old have the highest suicide rate (Touhy & Jett, 2012).
Health condition
Depression is a complicated disease with symptoms that are interchangeable with various diseases and, therefore,
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Hildegard Peplau was a president of the American Nurses Association that developed the theory of interpersonal relations. When the theorist discusses interpersonal relationships, Hildegard Peplau describes a relationship of two or more people that attempt to reach the same objective. This theory defines person, environment, health, and nursing, identifies the roles of a nurse, and discusses four phases of the interpersonal relationship. The marvelous aspect of this theory is how it relates nursing care to a therapeutic art form of healing individuals with illnesses and depression. Exceptional nursing care is truly an art form that is specifically modified based on an individual’s health need. There are multiple concepts in Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of interpersonal relationships, one concept states that the nurse and patient bloom into well-informed and experienced individuals by working together ("Nursing Theories," 2012). In this theory, both the patient and the nurse, rely on each other to develop these characteristics while in the process of reaching the common goal, such as relieving symptoms of depression. Another concept of Peplau’s theory is that to reach a desired objective, one must take a sequence of actions that follow a pattern. According to Peplau’s theory, the definition of a person is one that attempts to decrease his or her anxiety that is caused by his or her needs. One would think the definition of the person relates more to the patient than the nurse in this theory as patients typically experience a multitude of essential emotional needs. There are numerous diverse roles of the nurse that are accurately described in this theory, including leader, teacher, resource, counselor, surrogate, mediator, safety agent, and leader ("Nursing Theories," 2012). Nursing
Depression is a serious medical illness that negatively affects how a person conducts him/herself, and the way he/she think. Depression may include anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, manic depressions. People with a depressive illness cannot merely ‘pull themselves together’ and get better. About 5% of the population will have some form of a mental illness at some point in their lives. Half of these people will also have a substance abuse
Peplau’s Theory predicts that interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients will assist in healing. By following the stages and establishing trust with the patient, the nurse will be able to help the patient have a better
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
Depression is an illness within itself that affects the “whole body”. (Staywell,1998) The body, feelings, thoughts, and behavior are all immensely altered when someone is depressed. It is not a sign of personal weakness, or a condition that can be wished or willed away. For some people depression is just temporary, but for others it can last for weeks, months and even years.
Depression is considered a mental disorder that can lead an individual to commit suicide, experiment fatal risk that can injure his or her life. Furthermore, an individual feeling depressed lacks motivation to do anything progressive with his or her life. With that said, these individuals sometime gives up interest in activities that were once enjoyable, gets in a phase were he or she loses appetite, begins to overeat, loses concentration on what he or she is trying to complete, and becomes indecisiveness. Moreover, depression is a condition that makes an individual feel miserable, have no motivation to any activity that can influence his or her views, actions, welfare. Furthermore, depressed individuals at times may feel sad, apprehensive, desperate, destitute, useless, awkward, short-tempered, and agitated. In addition, the melancholy of depression is categorized by a greater concentration and length that is attached to severe symptoms. According to Wedding & Corsini (2014) states, “Physical disease, severe and acute stress, and chronic stress area also precipitating factors” (Pp. 240) of an individu...
Nursing in this theory is described as an art that helps individuals who are in need of health care, and goals are attained threw following a series of steps in a pattern. The nurse and the patient have to work together threw this process to achieve said goals. The Theory of Interpersonal Relations is a process that starts with the roles of the nurse, and those roles began with the nurse as a stranger, teacher, resource person, counselor, surrogate and leader (Nursing Theories, 2012). The theory begins with the role of the stranger, which is defined as the introductory phase and is an environment where about the patient is meeting the nurse and developing a trusting relationship. The nurse as a teacher allows the nurse to provide knowledge and information on a particular interest while the resource person provides specific information to a problem or situation. As counselors the nurses help to make life decisions and provides guidance. The surrogate role acts as an advocate on the patients’ behalf, while the role of the leader has the nurse assuming most of the responsibility to help patients meet treatment
The purpose of Pepau’s theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing is to focus on nurse-patient relationship and identify different roles nurse take when caring for patient. Consensus exist that theories are made up of ideas called concept and statement about...
Depression is well known for its mental or emotional symptoms. Symptoms for depression include: persistently sad or unhappy mood, loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions, anxiety, feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, and thoughts of death or dying. “People who have endured a major depressive episode describe the experience as a descent into t...
Every action that a nurse will make will be for the overall wellness of the patient, based directly on the type of care that the patient desires. One nursing journal that reflects on the concepts of the nursing metaparadigm defined the person as “a framework for organizing data about the individual person as the basic focus of the nursing’s attention” (Thorne et al, 1998). The person is the center of nursing care, and the care that the patient will receive is directly based on the information that they inform to the nurse. But the person also refers to the family and the loved ones of the patient. The family is the patient’s support system but they are also the ones that will advocate for the patient and put their own sense on the care that they believe their love one deserves or needs. The patient and the patient’s family will interact with the nurse directly to ensure that the patient receives the best care
Depression is a mental health condition which is widely recognised as one of the most common conditions for which people seek and receive care. There are many specific nursing problems which are encompassed by the medical term “depression” and these include physical, cognitive and behavioural patterns. Successful treatments of depression are psychosocial interventions which aim to identify and challenge a depressed persons pessimistic attitudes and beliefs and which promote an individuals’ participation in rewarding activities in an attempt to reduce any negative behaviours. The aim of this essay is to identify specific nursing problems which are encompassed by the term “depression” and relate these to a patient whom the author had met whilst out on clinical placement who had been given a medical diagnosis of depression. It is also the aim of this essay to discuss different psychosocial interventions and how effective these are in assisting a patient in their road to recovery.
Depression is much more common than most people think. Because it is essentially an invisible illness and is largely in the mind, it is difficult to correctly diagnose it and most people suffer for months, years, or even decades with depression. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines depression as “a mood disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty with thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or an attempt to commit suicide.” Most medical definitions are able to explain what happens and why it does, but after carefully examining this one, we only notice that it explains what happens, but not why. Usually, the symptoms of an illness are...
Therapeutic relationship is an essential part of nursing; it is the foundation of nursing (CNO, 2009). The National Competency Standard for Registered Nurses state that nurses are responsible for “establishing, sustaining and concluding professional relationship with individuals/groups.” Throughout this essay the importance of forming a therapeutic relationships will be explained. The process of building a therapeutic relationship begins from prior to time of contact with a patient, the interpersonal skills of the nurse; then the process includes skills required by the nurse to communicate effectively, including respect, trust, non-judgment and empathy. The way to portray these skills can be via verbal or non-verbal cues that are important to understand how they influence a person. The process and skills listed below are all relevant to nurses working in the contemporary hospital environment today.
The theory of interpersonal relationships was created by Dr. Hildegard Peplau. According to (Haber, 2000), Peplau’s theory if interpersonal relationships are described as an art. This art is the use of care, advocacy, compassion, concern and a hands-on approach for the patient. Peplau called the nursing process an instrument to help nurses develop a more constructive learning. Peplau had three focal areas which are needed to be observed. The three areas are nursing behavior, the behaviors demonstrated by the patient and the type and quality of the relationship between patient and nurse. Peplau’s Theory has four overlapping phases in the nurse-patient relationship. The four phases of this relationship are orientation, identification, exploitation and lastly
Describes the purpose of nursing is to help others recognize their felt problems. Nurses should apply principles of human relations to the difficulties that arise at all levels of experience. Peplau's theory describes the phases of interpersonal process, roles in nursing situations and methods for studying nursing as an interpersonal process. She defined nursing as the therapeutic relationship between both individuals; therefore, it necessitated that the nurse interact with the patient purposefully (Senn, 2013, p. 32). Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art, helping an individual who is sick or in necessity of health care. Nursing is an interpersonal process because it implicates interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of a sequence of steps following a series of pattern. The nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the
70). I believe that the patient’s needs always take priority. A good nurse-patient relationship is important when taking care of patients. If a patient can trust the nurse taking care of him or her and they have a good rapport, the patient’s experience will be positive. Peplau’s theory is considered to be an interaction theory, an interaction theory, “revolve[s] around the relationships nurses form with patients” (Colley, 2003, p. 34). I believe that if a nurse does not have a good rapport with the patient, he or she will not be able to heal adequality. The patient might focus more on him or her not getting along with the nurse and thinking that the nurse does not care, then taking the time to make sure that he or she is healing properly. The patient may not ask for pain medication when they are in pain because he or she does not want to deal with the nurse. The environment also has a lot to do with the patient feeling better and healing