For almost 50 years, from 1962 until 2011, Myanmar had a closed authoritarian regime with poor records of governance and socio-economic development (OECD, 2014). Myanmar 's history was also marred by ethnic conflicts, self-isolation, economic mismanagement and corruption for most of the past half-century. Then in 2011, Myanmar had declared the end of the military dictatorship as part of the Road Map to democracy and transformed itself into a civilian government embracing the democratic transitions (Soans and Abe, 2015). Since then, Myanmar has undergone important and sweeping reforms towards a more open government (OECD, 2014). The new government has clearly indicated its desires to regain trust from its citizens through building integrity …show more content…
He also stressed the need to address bribery and corruption in the government and the public sector as a whole which were rampant and interfering with the reform process. Although the government is committed itself to be a more transparent and accountable government, it is not very successful and there is a long road ahead with many challenges. This paper analyses the policy options that have been implemented by the government to reduce corruption and build integrity. At the same time, this paper also discusses the extend of success of the government in creating a clean government and good …show more content…
It is affecting different sectors in a variety of forms. The major forms of corruptions are the political corruption, the bureaucratic corruption and the economic corruption (Chêne, 2012). The political corruption happened during the 2010 general elections and 2012 parliamentary by-elections which were marked by fraud and irregularities. As a result, the pro-military party won almost 80 percent of the seats available for election (Bertelsmann Foundation, 2012). The bureaucratic corruption is the most serious form of corruption affecting the public sector and service delivery. It is widespread and has become a major barrier to commerce and investment for growth and development (Chêne, 2012). The economic corruption is mostly in the form of cronyism where many state assets are being privatised to close associates at below market rates (Bertelsmann Foundation,
The runaway corruption in the country harms the business environment and causes collapse of various established institutions and industries.
To avoid further political corruption, Thompson advocates for legislative ethics. The three principles are independence, fairness, and accountability. In Thompson’s terms, independence means “a member should act on reasons relevant to the merits of public policies or reasons relevant to advancing a process that encourages acting on such reasons,” (Thompson p.20). Fairness is officials following organizational regulations. Finally, accountability is a politician keeping public confidence in them. This paper will show that Thompson’s principles are qualified guidelines that legislators should follow. Individual and institutional corruption can decrease if politicians adhere to Thompson’s three principles of independence, fairness, and accountability.
Corruption is a severe problem that the world is facing at the moment and has been going on for quite a while now. “ The problem of business ethics is infinitely more complex in the international marketplace because value judgments differ widely among culturally diverse groups” (Cateora, Gilly and Graham, International Marketing). What American managers opinion as fundamental, others interpret as a sign of misuse. Performing in an ethically and socially accountable way should be the stamp of every business performance, international or domestic. There are many economic effect of corruption such as weakening the economic expansion, falsifying the competitive playing field and diminishing the excellence of government services and organization. As a business manager or employee if you knowingly know about a bribe it is best to report a
State building and the implementation of policy is a central process to the legitimacy of government worldwide. These critical facets of government institutions have been thoroughly challenged throughout Myanmar’s history, a country with an awful human rights record. In this essay I will focus on the last decade in particular, where Myanmar’s state capacity and political institutions have been challenged immeasurably. This essay will focus on the implications that pose a challenge to Myanmar’s state capacity and development. First, I will discuss the military coup d’état, which was followed by military junta heading the Burmese state for several decades. I will then examine the issue of internally displaced people and the resulting ethnic and religious conflict. Lastly, I will investigate the issue of drug trafficking and slave labour in Myanmar.
In justifying the hiatus, the Burmese military leaders engage in various forms of platitudinous rhetoric, carefully designed to obfuscate their totalitarian intent. The theme of this rhetoric is that the country is undergoing a transition toward a multi-party democracy. Burma’s influential intelligence chief, General Khin Nyunt, has warned that “such a transition cannot be done in haste or in a haphazard manner. The world is full of examples where hasty transition from one system to another led to unrest, instability and even failed states” .
The first chapter is an attempt to define corruption. It is important to divide overlapping and complicated terms such as corruption, scandal and fraud. Corruption is defined as an illegal transaction, where both actors benefit from their special position in the market or the government. Scandal is the public reaction to allegations of corruption and thus it is interconnected with the issue of legitimacy. Fraud, however is a purely criminal cathegory.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
In southeastern Asia, there is a country called Myanmar, or Burma. The country have enough natural resources and educated public to make one good economy. After the national democratic election happened in April 2012, pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi 's party formed a new administration, Myanmar has embarked on an ambitious program of sweeping reforms to integrate its economy with the global system, as well as solving internal economic problems, there should be no doubt that this administration intends to improve the well-being of Myanmar’s population.
The nation of Myanmar, also known as Burma, is currently under the rule of a ruthless totalitarian regime, guilty of numerous human rights violations and target of intense international criticism. Located in Southeast Asia, on the western border of Thailand and Laos, it has been under military rule since World War II. Burma is mired in socioeconomic crisis stemming from the rule of the military junta, and the citizens are suffering. The environment of Burma is being destroyed, the people are treated inhumanely, and the country is notorious for its contribution to global narcotics. The paragraphs below detail the current situations facing the country, why they came about, and the parties that are to blame for sending the country on a dangerous downward spiral. First, however, it is important to understand Burma’s political history.
According to Amundsen (1999), the illicit or immoral nature of political corruption makes it even more “inaccessible to scientific investigation than most human behavior.” The concealed, under-communicated, and illegal nature of corruption “indicates the feebleness of statistical methods in assessing its quantitative aspects. ” It is problematic to measure the actual extent of corruption for four main reasons. Firstly, it is difficult to collect data on bureaucratic corruption in government agencies as corrupt bureaucratic conceal their activities to evade detection. Secondly, given the sensitive nature of bureaucratic corruption, survey research methods cannot be employed to obtain direct ...
To be dependent on the government for housing, healthcare, education, security and welfare, makes the poor most vulnerable to corruption since it stalls service delivery. Delays in infrastructure development, poor building quality and layers of additional costs are all consequences of corruption.
In today’s world, the modern society is suffering from a disease known as “corruption”. In simple words “corruption” is misuse of power to fulfil personal interest. It is a phenomenon which is observed all over the world. Nowadays corruption has become very rampant and it has diffused its influence in every sphere of life i.e. politics, business, sports, healthcare, education and many more. Corruption is not new to us, it has been prevalent in our society since the historic times. The degradation of the erstwhile Roman Empire was one of the consequence of rampant corruption. In today’s context corruption has become a matter of universal concern, as it is affecting the citizen of the globe.
In simple terms Public Corruption can be defined as the misuse of public office for private gain.Corruption is an outcome and reflection of a country’s economic,legal,cultural and political institutions. Transparency International(2005,2008) found that more than 65% of Indians had a first hand experience of paying bribes and nearly 45% used contacts to get job done.Institutionalised Corruption has long been prevalent in India.Big Business and individuals dictate bureaucratic norms by breaking law,paying off public servants just to gain access to elements of governance.
Government officials trusted by the people are nowadays the ones involved in the major issue in the country which is Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Scam, or the pork-barre...
Corruption and fraud is a relevant topic in South Africa and will continue to be so until it is able to be limited. Corruption is committed mainly by people in power as they neglect and take advantage of this power in order to better themselves at the expense of others. Fraud and corruption is the wrongful or criminal deception that results in financial or personal gain. Government officials, police officers and some unexpected individuals such as law officials have been known to commit corruption and fraud. There have been cases of corruption in the 2014 elections and the political parties have seen that it is something the community is concerned over. Each party has addressed this concern and suggested ways in which to limit this corruption. Not only is corruption morally wrong, but it causes trust problems between the community and people in power, the people who are meant to help society. (1)