Demand of Pakistan and Two nation theory
1.Introduction
Pakistan was created on 14th of august 1947 it was 27th of Ramadan and Quaid-e-Azam (The Founder Of Pakistan) said that Pakistan came on the day when the first non Muslim was converted into a Muslim. The struggle for an independent state for the Muslim stood for years and they had to face many difficulties through the years. There were many important events which had a significance on the creation of Pakistan.
Two nation theory
Sir Syed Ahmed khan was the first Muslim leader who used the term nation for the Muslim of the sub-continent because of their separate religious entity, distinct civilization, philosophy, culture, moral values and concept of economy which oppose each other. Many Muslim leaders supported the two nation theory includes Abdul Halima , Mauling Muhammad Ali Jahuar , Chaudire Reheat Ali , Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam.
Quaid-e-Azam stressed upon that:
“ Muslim should not be treated as minority but rather as a nation.”
The Hindus and Muslim had many differences between them. They inspite of living together for centuries could not forget their individual cultures and civilizations.
Al-Beruni recorded his idea in 1001 A.D in his famous book Kitab-ul-Hind as:
“ The Hindu society maintain this peculiar character over the centuries. The two societies, Hindus and Muslim like two streams have sometimes touched but never merged, each following its separate course.”
The relations between Muslim and Hindus were growing worst, It was clear from the fact that the Muslim and the Hindus could not live together.
Quaid-e-Azam said that:
“ It would be a dream to think that Hindus and Muslim will form a common nation. I want to make it clear that both nations belong to...
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... large share in government service and the status for university for Aligarh college. Lord Minto did not accept any demands of the delegates he was sympathetic and had expressed profound sympathy for the Muslims but he did not commit to himself whatsoever.it has assumed importance as it was seen as a step leading towards the foundation Muslim league.bade
5 .ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE
The annual session of the all india muslim education conference was to be held in Dhaka. mohsin-ul-mulk who was also secretary of the simla deputation ,forbade the political discussion at Dhaka. The delegation regarded him and founded all india muslim league (AIML) at Dhaka on 30 december 1906. the british who were averse of the creation of the new party in retrospect the anxiety or anger of the british over the foundation of a new political party seems to have been somewhat exaggerated
...ng religion and foreign to the people of India, yet there is a defied truth that Islam’s spread peacefully throughout India with the alliances formed between the Indian people, the Turks, and the Mongols. The encounters that the ancient Indian people had to endure with the Turks, Mongols, and Islam have had the most memorable impact and impression on Indian culture and other societies throughout the east. Ancient Indian history is often overlooked within our society, but perhaps there should be a second look at how the Indian people have became who they are today, what attributes that have given society, and what pandemonium they have overcame as a civilization to stay in existence and stand against the test of time.
The Partition of India led to millions of people displaced and marked as one of the largest mass migration ever over the world. August 15, 1947 was a very significant day for Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and many others. It marked the day of the British partition of India, and India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 200 years of British rule. This successful attainment of independence from colonial rule defined a narrative of religious nationalism, but also has led to displacement and violence between the two nation states of India and Pakistan. Once a peaceful union of Muslims and Hindus had become separated, whereas Muslims got Pakistan and Hindus got an independent India (Best et al, 2008). “The Other Side of Silence” (Butalia, 2000, pp.264-300) the oral testimony of a Punjabi woman Maya Rani, who was a child living in Pakistan during the Partition. Her testimony was crucial to understand the historiography of the event, because she was a witness of the impact of the Partition, but she was not directly involved in the violence that the emergence and independence of India that has brought.
Even though this might seem paradoxal to those most keen stereotypes of the contemporary popular image of Islam as hermetic and sectarian, the pattern of drawing people together while protecting the individuals’ freedom of beliefs is part of the anthropological DNA of the religion. Within its a context of emergence and expansion and with regard to the inner endless subdivisions of the Islamic faith, the principle of pluralism was naturally forged.
World War I and II took a toll on many nations, one of them being Britain. After Britain finished fighting two world wars they were struggling with debt (India, 36). This is a major reason that leads them to withdraw from many of their colonies. There was also rising tension between Hindus and Muslims in this empire, which was getting out of control. The separation of Pakistan and India was beneficial for Hindus and Muslims alike.
...e about, the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. These two parties had various disagreements, which lead to the Partition of 1947, which I believe was unavoidable. Before the Partition occurred the Rebellion of 1857 and various movements pushing for freedom took place, making a large impact on the history of India. In the end, after the partition occurred I believe that the violence and the hundreds of thousands of lives lost could have been avoided.
India has a characteristic of more ethnic and religious groups than most countries in the world. Despite this multiplicity of religions, there exists a broad group of interrelated traditions called Hinduism. Although other religions within the nation such as Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity have occasionally challenged its dominance, Hinduism is the most prevalent religion in the South Asian region. Some of the outstanding differences between Hinduism and other denominatio...
Edin, Peter. "1947 the Birth of India & Pakistan." New York Times Up Front. 30 Jan 2012: 16-
With the starting of the Delhi Sultanate, the culture synthesis in all areas of culture, such as religions, economy and medical have been witnessed. The coming of Muslims has generated many developments and changes in the India. As a result, the Iindo- Islamic has become a blend of Hinduism and IslamMuslim, which is different from both the pure Hindu and or the pure Islam. The culturale outcome has triggered more options for Indian in choosing their religions and altered the economic situation in India. It has also generated lots of synthesis in other culture areas, such as medical area, which has become an important milestone in the historical legacy of India.
After the British empire separated itself from India, inner-country religious problems began to arise. The Muslims and Hindus of the liberated India released their pent up anger on each other and combusted into civil war right after they won the peaceful war against Great Britain. This war distressed Gandhi, who has insight into the unity of mankind, and encouraged him to go on a hunger strike until the brutality ceased. While on his near-death bed, he is approached by a Hindu who “killed a child” because the Muslims “killed [his] son,” and in response, Gandhi said that the way out of his “Hell is to “Find a [Muslim] child, a child whose mother and father have been killed and raise him as your own,” therefore the man would be able to see the equality in all religions. Throughout his entire life, Gandhi, though a Hindu, never prosecuted anyone for their religion and was able to see through everyone’s eyes as fellow brother’s and sisters, not enemies. This ability to empathize and recognize the general unity of the human population allowed Gandhi insight into the human
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
1909-Revocation of Partition of Bengal. Creates anti-British and anti-Hindu sentiments among Muslims as they lose their majority in East Bengal.
India is the center of a very serious problem in the world today. It’s a very diverse place with people from many different religious backgrounds, who speak many different languages and come from many different regions. They are also separated economically. Two of the country’s religious sects, Muslims and Hindus, have been in conflict for hundreds of years. Their feelings of mistrust and hatred for each other are embedded in all those years and will not leave easily. What’s most disturbing is that there seems to be no plan for reconciliation available. There are numerous reasons for this conflict.
The Mughal Empire took place in what is now present day Pakistan and India. Hindus were a large majority in this empire. The emperor, Abu Akbar, who ruled from 1556 to 1605 accepted the world of polytheistic multicultural world. Hindus under this empire at this time weren’t attacked as they were prior to Akbar’s rule. Hindu war prisoners were released and converted to Islam. Hindu scho...
We can start by recounting history, where the roots of the conflict lie. India was one massive nation made up of several states, ruled by the British. A long and difficult independence struggle culminated with the British choosing to leave India in August 1947. The Muslims of the land decided that instead of just a Free India, they would create a Free Pakistan for themselves as well. They were fearful that as a minority, the Hindu majority would trample their rights and religion. Both countries would be formed as soon as the British handed back control in August. The rulers of each individual state constituting India would chose which country to join, hopefully following the wishes of its people. This idea was fraught with problems. There were quite a few states that had a majority of one religion yet the ruler belonged to another faith. The states of Hyderabad and Junagarh were examples of this. Both had Hindu majorities and M...
...ted the title of Governor-General rather than Prime Minister, which underlined ties to the inherited autocratic British vice regal system. Both of them also died before the formation of the Pakistani Constitution in 1956, and without clarifying their vision for Pakistan. Their deaths created a leadership vacuum and political frenzy within the Pakistani government (Jaffrelot 2011). Pakistan’s ruling elite did not have the same levels of popular mandate and structure as Congress had within India. The Muslim League was made up of culturally migrant-Indian political elites who lacked the grassroots prestige of “Indian revolutionaries” such as Gandhi and Nehru (Darby 2013). Pakistan took eight years to resolve issues on national language, religion’s role within state, and federal structures by which time a quasi-coup and rigged-elections had taken place (Oldenburg 2010).