Decision-Making Model Analysis Paper
Before embarking upon this assignment, I never thought much about "Decision-Making Models." In fact, I was somewhat surprised at the sheer number of models I stumbled upon in my research. A quick look at Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making) shows that, for business applications alone, there are well over a dozen decision-making models to suit any need. Without being cognizant of the fact, the decision-making process at my current work site closely resembles the "Pros & Cons Model."
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the "Pros & Cons Model," discuss the way in which we have implemented it, and espouse some of the benefits of its use. Because the nature of my work site is somewhat sensitive (we work in conjunction with the State of California to develop the Child Welfare Services software used by social workers throughout the state), no names or specific job titles will be mentioned.
Conceptually, the fundamentals of the "Pros & Cons Model" are quite simple. Every cause has an effect; and these effects can be beneficial or detrimental with varying degrees of severity. By considering and researching the possible effects of any given decision, it should be possible to evaluate and modify that decision in such a way as to maximize the positive effects while minimizing the negative.
Moving beyond the fundamental concepts of the "Pros & Cons Model," we have the actual process itself. According to the Berkeley University of California Career Center website (https://www.berkeley.edu), this process consists of seven steps:
1. On a piece of paper, write down the decision you are considering making. Write it as if you had already made the decision (for example, "Accept the XYZ Company job offer in Los Angeles.")
2. Divide the piece of paper into two columns, with "Pros" at the top of one column. Write down the outcomes of the decision that you believe are positive.
3. In the "Cons" column, write down the outcomes of the decision that are negative or less desirable.
4. In the course of writing down your pros and cons, you will probably notice that there are some outcomes that are uncertain or are too hard to predict. Write these outcomes down on a separate piece of paper.
5. Conduct Research about the outcomes that you are unsure about, then add those to the Pro or Con column.
6. For the outcomes that are simply too hard to predict, you might want to talk with other people to get their input or opinions.
The six steps of the model are as follows: Identify the ethical dilemma, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles to those options, make the decision, and implement the decision (Beemsterboer, 2010). The first step is to identify the ethical dilemma, which Beemsterboer describes as the most critical step in the model. To identify the ethical dilemma, one must recognize that the problem is an ethical dilemma with no one clear answer, and expound upon what the ethical question is. The next step is to collect information about the situation and values involved “as a basis for an informed decision.” (Beemsterboer, 2010, para. 8). After defining the ethical dilemma and gathering information about it, one must then state as many options as possible which may resolve the problem (Beemsterboer, 2010). Due to that fact that more than one decision may remedy an ethical dilemma, it is important to discuss all available options to better understand all angles of the situation and how to deal with as many of them as possible. Once all alternatives have been stated, each must be weighed against ethical principles. Beemsterboer suggests in the discussion of each option a list of pros and cons be made to demonstrate how the option may protect of violate ethical principles and values (2010).?? After analyzing each alternative it is much easier
Directions: Evaluate each of the four emails, listing both the positive and negative aspects of each. Then, rank the four emails from best to worst in the space provided. Be sure to explain/detail your ranking. If you need more space , feel free to continue writing simply change the font and add text.
For the reason that in a lot of circumstances the quality of assessment is vital, giving support to the decencies of individual opinion and assessment making has been a main focal point of science all through the past. Restraint for instance statistics, money matters, and business research developed various techniques on behalf of making coherent choices. To an even great extend, these techniques, regularly improved by a range of methods deriving from information science, acquiring knowledge by the use of reasoning, and reproduction cleverness, have been put into practice in the form of computer programs, moreover as detached tools or as incorporated computing environments for difficult assessment making. These environment are time and again given the ordinary name of decision support
This paper explores the legal, ethical and moral issues of three healthcare colleagues by applying the D-E-C-I-D-E model as a foundation of decision making as found in Thompson, Melia, and Boyd (2006). Issues explored will be those of the actions of registered nurse (RN) John, his fiancé and also registered nurse (RN) Jane and the Director of Nursing (DON) Ms Day. Specific areas for discussion include the five moral frameworks, autonomy, beneficence, Non – maleficence, justice and veracity in relation with each person involved as supported by Arnold and Boggs (2013) and McPherson (2011). An identification and review of the breached code of ethics and the breached code of conduct in reference with the Nursing, Council, and Federation (2008) will be addressed. Lastly a brief discussion on how the three schools of thought deontology, teleology and virtue had effects on each colleague (McPherson, 2011) .
...g?” helps us to explore the many outcomes, or conclusions that may be possible if all of our assumptions are correct, and our point of view is accurate. Furthermore, we also evaluate these conclusions to see what kind of impact, if any, each of them would bring to the situation at hand. Much the same way that we examine the many possible conclusions by applying the “Right Questions” method, and asking ourselves “What reasonable conclusions are possible?”
It is a must to weigh the pros and cons and balance them as best as
The following is a decision-making model that I have used to arrive at a decision.
The three primary types of decision-making systems are: the transactional support system, the management information system, and the decisions support system (FreeTutes.com, 2014).
The journey of my decision analysis learning process has been a roller coaster ride. While I enjoyed reading, understanding and learning about the various methodology and aspects of decision analysis, I also find myself stressed, frustrated and ready to give up. For me, the concept about what is decision analysis, the utility of decision analysis, and the topics on decision bias, ethics, complexity and controversy of decision analysis make sense to me as I understood what they are and how they can impact a decision making process. Quantitatively, while I enjoy experimenting and learning the R, Rattle and Excel Decision Tree Plan, statistically, I am frustrated as I am unable to come up with the correct answers when it comes to the quantitative models and calculations such as the probability matrices, binomials, conditional probability, and Markov modeling. Learning the functionalities and seeing an outcome from the R software and knowing what an excel can do to a set of data is intriguing yet exciting to me,
Discuss and evaluate how one factor (economic, ethical etc) is affected (helped or hindered) by your solution
Making decisions is an important part of our everyday life. Decisions define actions and lead to the achievement of goals. However, these depend on the effectiveness of the decision-making process. An effective decision is free from biases, uncertainties, and is deeply dependent on information and critical thinking. Poor decisions lead to the inability to achieve set objectives and could lead to losses, if finance is a factor. Therefore, it is important to contemplate about quality and ways to achieve it in decision-making, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose is to look into the needs of decision-making, including what one should do and what one should not do.
Decision making is one of the most important aspects in life and work because of its strong link to success and effectiveness. Actually, successful people achieve their goals in life and work through effective and efficient decision making. The decision making process is usually guided by an individual’s beliefs, values, and attitudes as well concepts. While a person can use various concepts in making decisions, they should be very careful to select a concept that is effective and contributes to huge success. Nonetheless, these concepts exist to help an individual become a better decision maker in the world around him/her.
Woods & Davies (2007) states that technologists and scientists have always been involved in efforts to predict what is likely go wrong when dealing with a specific project (p.25). Potential problem analysis is a systematic approach to predict problem and contingency planning for preventing the occurrence of the problem and/or minimize its effect. This systematic approach was developed following the extensive research by Kepner and Tregoe in 1965 towards improving problem solving and decision
Some decisions prove to be vital and any miscalculation that may be involved may prove dire for the individual or the organization. In identifying the criterion to use while evaluating different decisions, many factors pertaining the structure should be considered. The pros and cons of every decision made should be evaluated to ensure that the option chosen has the most positive effect on the individual and the organization. Some of the activities that may require keen decision making include project development, finance and operations. With the knowledge attained it will be easier to cope with tough decisions that may come up in my career. Decision making models may be generated to give an in depth view to the problem and also provide critical analysis ability. It is also vital noting that for those in managerial positions, they face a bigger task in decision making. A good understanding of the business function and structure will provide an in depth knowhow to those that have studied the
In this picture, David Easton tried to give an understanding how the decision is made. The process start from the input which input is coming from environment, and through demands and support, the input get into the political system. In the political system, the input is preparing to