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analysis of death of a salesman by Arthur Miller
Discuss Willy Loman as a tragic hero in the play Death of a Salesman
analysis of death of a salesman by Arthur Miller
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Almost all texts have a hero in them. Many texts also have a tragic hero. Aristotle had is own ideas about tragedies and tragic heros. Gerald Else tells us that Aristotle believed a tragedy should depict, “the downfall of a noble hero or heroine, usually through some combination of hubris, fate, and the will of the gods.” William Shakespeare is very famous for his tragedies and tragic heroes in many of his plays. Another play writer that is famous for his use of tragic heroes would be Arthur Miller. Arthur Miller has written many famous tragic plays such as Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman, in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, is a tragic hero because of his aspirations to be great, his tragic flaws, and his tragic downfall In Arthur Miller’s …show more content…
Willy strives to make money in this story but is largely unsuccessful. He is also very insecure so he turns to lies and his life spirals downward. Willy commits suicide in the end. Donald Smith states that Willy was, “still harboring misguided hopes about success for Biff. It seems Willy would rather kill himself than accept the fact that really, honestly, all his son wants is some shirtless sweaty time in Midwestern haystacks.” Which is why Willy committed suicide. Willy was also a kind of lost man with the wrong dreams. Biff even said after Willy’s suicide, “He had all the wrong dreams. All, all wrong….He never knew who he was.” Willy had the wrong dreams and didn’t know who he was which is also lead to his downfall. So, Willy Loman, in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, is a tragic hero because of his aspirations to be great, his tragic flaws, and his tragic downfall. Tragic heroes are very important to many texts such as Willy was to Death of a Salesman. Victor Perry explains that a tragic hero, “shows a magnified version of the consequences of that fatal flaw, as a hero 's life can be 'writ large '.” Audience members can oftentimes relate to these tragic heroes which also adds to their importance. They connect the audience to the
Willy Loman is a man that has lived his life trying to achieve the easily attainable American Dream of success and wealth. Yet, Willy himself never achieves such success. Now, he is hopeful that his sons can achieve success that he himself never did. Willy becomes obsessed with his sons becoming successful and wealthy and becomes upset when they do not. Willy begins to have illusions about an affair that he had over 15 years ago. Miller uses the affair to show how one event can determine and define the rest of your life. Willy’s obsession with his inability to achieve his definition of success and the American dream is ultimately his downfall and what leads to his death. However, the reader learns that Willy does not fully give up his dream of wealth and success because he leaves his on Biff a twenty thousand dollar insurance policy. Willy’s refusal to accept his and his son’s reality of not achieving success and instead leave him money to start a business what makes Death of a Salesman tragic. The same can be said with all tragedies; many times a story is defined as tragic because the person or persons involved never got to achieve their dream yet they never lost
A tragic hero is commonly known as a character of nobility that undergoes a fatal change which ultimately results in a tragedy. Arthur Miller, however, has a slightly different view in regards to what a tragic hero is. He asserts that a tragic hero does not necessarily have to be a character of nobility, instead can be an average person in possession of a tragic flaw. In Death of a Salesman, a play written by Arthur Miller, the criteria of a modern tragic hero are best expressed and demonstrated through the main character, Willy Loman. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw would be his excessive and unwarranted pride. This is because his pride causes him to live his life in a world of delusion, ultimately resulting in his very death. Willy’s pride first leads him into misunderstanding and mistreating his family, consequently resulting in family feuds and resentment. It then leads him into building his life out of false hopes, consequently resulting in his absolute failure in the business world. Finally, it results in him living an incredibly narcissistic and delusional life; to a point where he believes that he can attain fame and success through suicide. As it has been thoroughly demonstrated by Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, having excessive pride in one’s self can ultimately derail an individual’s life into a mass pit of delusion and failure.
To quote critic Northrop Frye, “Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divisive lightning.” One such tragic hero who fits this view is Willy Loman of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. Throughout the play, Willy’s tragic fall from grace (experienced through Willy’s delusional flashbacks) is shown to have affected those around him--particularly his family--in a negative way. This suffering Willy brings upon those around him contributes to the tragic vision of the work as a whole in that the characters affected by Willy are also forced to deal with tragedy
...ole life searching for a man that he thought was sinful. When Javier finally caught this man, he realized that this man did a 180 with his life, and was a better person, so Javier committed suicide because he wasted his whole life searching for this man. Willy is like Javier. Willy spent his whole life thinking that he was a successful man and that his life was perfect then Biff made him realize he was a failure, so he took his own life. In the end all “[Willy] want[ed was] success, but the meaning of that need extends beyond the accumulation of wealth, security, goods, and status”(Jacobson 1).
In ‘Death of a salesman,’ Miller uses Willy to depict the common man who “is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were.” Willy is a character whom is referred to as a “tragic hero” because he has been suppressed by society from succeeding as a salesman, and has been forced to “put thirty-four years into this firm … and now I can’t pay my insurance!” This idea ...
Throughout the play, Willy can be seen as a failure. When he looks back on all his past decisions, he can only blame himself for his failures as a father, provider, and as a salesman (Abbotson 43). Slowly, Willy unintentionally reveals to us his moral limitations that frustrates him which hold him back from achieving the good father figure and a successful business man, showing us a sense of failure (Moss 46). For instance, even though Willy wants so badly to be successful, he wants to bring back the love and respect that he has lost from his family, showing us that in the process of wanting to be successful he failed to keep his family in mind (Centola On-line). This can be shown when Willy is talking to Ben and he says, “He’ll call you a coward…and a damned fool” (Miller 100-101). Willy responds in a frightful manner because he doesn’t want his family, es...
Not only did he fail as a salesman but also as being a father. Willy actions made his kids be like they were. Just like any parent would, Willy wanted Biff and Happy to both be happy and for them to not end like him. During the emotional confrontation between Biff and Willy, Willy frustratingly fails to change. Which makes the audience think that the true tragic hero is actually Biff, because for the most part he experiences much struggles as Willy did and the difference between them was that Biff realizes that business is not the true strength or interest. As for Willy he lived in a pathetic existence full of lies, insecurity, and an obsessive focus on wealth and success. This realization, coupled with his confrontation with Willy ; fulfills Miller's definition of a tragic
At the beginning of the play it is evident that he cannot determine the realities of life, and so he repeatedly contradicts himself to establish that his conclusion is correct and opinion accepted. These numerous contradictions demonstrate that Willy is perturbed of the possibility that negative judgements may come from others. Willy strongly believes that “personality always wins” and tells his sons that they should “be liked and (they) will never want”. In one of Willy’s flashbacks he recalls the time when his sons and him were outside cleaning their Chevy. Willy informs Biff and Happy the success of his business trips and how everyone residing in Boston adores him. He mentions that due to the admiration of people he does not even have to wait in lines. He ultimately teaches his sons that being liked by others is the way to fulfilling one’s life and removing your worries. These ideals, that one does not need to work for success, demonstrate Willy’s deluded belief of achieving a prosperous life from the admiration and acceptance of others. This ultimately proves to be a false ideology during his funeral, when an insufficient amount of people arrive. Willy constantly attempts to obtain other’s acceptance through his false tales that depict him as a strong, successful man. In the past, he attempts to lie to his wife, Linda, about the amount of wealth he has attained during his
The standards for a tragic hero were set by Aristotle many years ago. In his book The Poetics, Aristotle argues that a tragic hero must be in the middle of being good and bad, and a tragic hero must cause his own downfall because of acting in blindness. Furthermore a tragic hero must be greater than the common man .Willy Loman has all the qualities that by Aristotle standards, would define him as a tragic hero, except for one. Willy Loman is not king or any kind of nobility, he is just an ordinary person. In Arthur Miller essay “Tragedy of the common man “he states “I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for a tragedy in its highest sense as kings were” (Miller 1). Willy Loman is a tragic hero, just Oedipus, who to Aristotle was the perfect example of a tragic hero. Willy has many of Aristotle principles, Willy was the middle kind of personage, and he has a “tragic flaw” that ended up in his downfall. The fact that Willy was not nobility, does not take away the feeling of pity and fear, in fact it strengthen those feelings.
Willy’s choice to finally take his own life is not out of depression but out of love for his son Biff. When Willy Loman commits suicide at the end of the play it is the happiest he has been because, his son Biff, finally shows how much he truly loves and cares about him, deeply moved by Biff words mutters, “Isn’t that—isn’t that remarkable? Biff—he likes me!” (Miller 133). In his last moments, Willy Loman comes to the realization that now at least one Loman will be able to fulfill his dream of great wealth and
In the play, The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller,Willy Loman, an unsuccessful business man struggling to support his family is completely out of touch with reality throughout the plot line. Many characters throughout this play and their interactions with Willy have showed the audience his true colors and what he thinks is important in life. His constant lying and overwhelming ego certainly does not portray his life in factual terms, but rather in the false reality that he has convinced himself he lives in.
Willy's search to find his mistakes of his life failed because, even though he found out what happened to Biff, he did not search for the right thing: his identity. Willy found out that his affair made Biff envision his father as a fake and phony, but he did not realize that a salesman was not the right job for him. When Willy died, no one came to his funeral (Act II. Scene I). This just showed that Willy was not the man he thought he was. He thought he was a great salesman with an unlimited amount of friends, but, when he died, no one was at his funeral but his family (Act II. Scene I). It showed that Willy was just a simple craftsman, who only needed attention and love from his family, and did not need fame or to be well-known ("Arthur Miller and Others," 311-314)
Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller provides us of the story of Willy Loman, with his deteriorating mental health and dealing with problems in his family. Tragedy according to Aristotle is, “the imitation of a aaction that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language; in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions.” In a simple sentene a tragedy is a literary character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his/her destruction. This play is a tragedy because the main character, Willy Loman, killing himself after his son finding out about his mistress and losing his job. Another reason this play is a tragedy because of Willy not having enough money to pay bills, leaving his wife, to pay them and placing his sons into this false reality
By the time Willy got to be an old man, his life was in shambles. *One son, Biff, was a hopeless dreamer who wasn’t able to hold on to a job. He could have been successful through an athletic scholarship, but he blew the chance he had to go to school. Happy, the other son, had a job, but was basically all talk, just like Willy. Now near the end of his career as a salesman, Willy realizes his whole life was just a joke, and the hopes he placed in the American Dream were misguided. At the end of the play, his only hope is to leave something for his family, especially for Biff, by taking his own life and leaving his family the insurance money. Through his death, Willy thinks he can achieve success and fulfill his dream.
Willy Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman.