Database program that is a software system that store the database information. It organizes, manages incoming data and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs. Is a device interposed between a potential user of information and information collection itself for a given information problem, the purpose of the system is to capture wanted items and to filter out unwanted items.
Structured data. Unstructured data.
Make new databases.
Define the content of the databases.
Store data.
Query data.
Protect data.
Encrypt data.
Handling of access rights.
Synchronize accesses.
Organization of physical data structures.
One of the most distinguish features of DBMS is that they offer an advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML) for modelling and manipulating data.
A major strength of the Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraints.
Provides precise semantics.
Query specification is complete in DBMS.
Query language is artificial in DBMS. Indexing documents (unless the system works directly on the document text).
Formulating queries, resulting in document representations and query representations, respectively.
The system then matches the representations and displays the documents found and the user selects the relevant items.
Search request returns list or pointers to documents.
Not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in information retrieval system is restricted to classification of objects.
In IRS such validation mechanisms are less developed.
Most of the time provides imprecise semantics.
Query specification is incomplete.
Query language is near to natural language.
Besides that, the differences between data and information as follow:
Database deal with structured information retrieval through well-defined formal languages for representation and manipulation based on the theoretically founded data models. Efficient algorithms have been developed for operators that allow rapid execution of complex queries. IR, on the other hand, deals with unstructured search with possibly vague query or search semantics and without a well-defined logical schematic representation.
Whereas databases have fixed schemas defined in some data model such as the relational model IR system has no fixed data model; it views data or documents according to some scheme, such as the vector space model, to aid in query processing.
Databases using the relational model employ SQL for queries and transactions. The queries are mapped into relational algebra operations and search algorithms and return a new relation as the query result, providing an exact answer to the query for the current state of the database. In IR systems, there is no fixed language for defining the structure of the document or for operating on the document- queries tend to be a set of query terms (keywords) or a free-form natural language phrase.
These are covered briefly in appendices in the text. The relational model was first proposed by E.F. Codd in 1970 and the first such systems were developed in 1970s. The relational model is now the dominant model for commercial data processing applications. The relational model can be used in both conceptual and logical database design. The basic structure in the model is a table .Tables consists of rows and columns. Relationships in the relational model are represented implicitly through common attributes between different relations.
Databases always used to fascinate me from my under graduation with great curiosity to know how large data is managed and queried. This led me to do Masters in computer science concentrating in the field of Data Management. In the course of my study, I understood the concepts of DBMS which provides a robust and efficient way of managing and mining data. Through the courses like Database Systems (ITCS 6160), Knowledge Discovery in Databases(ITCS 6162) and Knowledge Based Systems(ITCS 6155) I gained enough theoretical and practical knowledge about the importance of proper organization of data, good techniques to build an efficient database management system and how well the data can be managed.
Ontology contains a set of concepts and relationship between concepts, and can be applied into information retrieval to deal with user queries.
...el that's closely aligned with the software program’s object model. Obviously, an OODBMS may have a physical data model optimized for those types of logical data model it needs.
As the conclusion, the paper made good contribution to the field by describing the history of the information retrieval systems from 1945 to 1996 with abundant information on the various technologies developed, information retrieval systems built, and how they affected the research in information retrieval. I think artificial intelligence will start to play a leading role in information retrieval in the following years and one day we will have true question answering type of information retrieval at the finger tip of every Internet user.
For this coursework two kinds of data models can be used. The object oriented data model, Object Oriented Database Management System(OODBMS), or the relational data model, Relational Database Management System(RDBMS). The differences between these two models and the data model to be used are described in this chapter.
[7] Elmasri & Navathe. Fundamentals of database systems, 4th edition. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA. 2004.
Oracle's relational databases represent a new and exciting database technology and philosophy on campus. As the Oracle development projects continue to impact on University applications, more and more users will realize the power and capabilities of relational database technology.
Satzinger, Jackson & Burd (2010, pp. 488) further states that DBMS “provide designers, programmers and end users with sophisticated capabilities to store, retrieve and manage data”. Sharing and managing the vast amount of data needed by a modern organisation simply would not be possible without a database management system.
IR systems receiving such queries need to fill in the gaps of the user’s underspecified query. For example, user typing “nuclear waste dumpling” into the search engine such as Google is probably searching for multiple number of documents that describing the topic. Some of the documents might not archive what user need as the search engine search documents that relate to the three worlds only. The content being searched is typically unstruc...
Database management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access the data. The collection of data, usually referred to as a database, contains the information related to the Company, the company's system at workplace, detailed information as an example employee personal information stored in the data. The goal of a database management system is to provide a way how to store and retrieve data information more efficiently. For examples, of the data, consider the name, telephone number and address are known, the recorded data is indexed address book, can be stored on a floppy disk, using a personal computer and software such as dBase IV or V, Microsoft Access or Excel
Yao, Y. (2002, May 12-17). Information Retrieval Support Systems. The 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, 1092-1097.
Information retrieval has three step of process is 1. Ask a question, 2. Building an answer from known data, and lastly is assessing the answer.
...ilar queries that belong to a particular domain. Representing user queries in a machine-readable format will help us building probabilistic models for queries. Moreover, combining queries to solve complex queries will be next milestone in question answering systems.