This paper aims to evaluate fictional publication of Mulk Raj Anand and Richard Wright from the perspective of social justice and liberation. Anand is marked by a heartiest desire to probe India’s marginalized people, while Wright related with logic and artistic temperament for Blacks as social and Psychological humanity. Both novelist believes in human equality and mutual respect, Their humanism manifests itself in a realistic Sketch of the situation by oppressed masses, suffering various types of disability, discrimination and alienation.
Anand’s humanism was the natural outcome of his childhood experiences with synthesis of western though in novel, “Man is the measure of al things”. The simmering anger and impatience that one often feels in his works, are the product of his passion for social justice and human dignity. Anand have been influenced by Marxian thinking and approaches to social reality. His disaffection with religion and his scant respect to superstitions with fears are parallel with Marxism. His socialist and modernist conception about modern India is without doubt an echo of Gandhi, Tagore and Nehru.
Richard Wright resembles Anand in most of his characteristics as a writer. He too is a committed artist with a missionary zeal for the restoration of dignity to his people. He has succeeded in creating credible characters, substantive stories and enthralling with absorbing plots. While Anand doesn’t conceals his sensation and political posturing on occasion, Wright merely shows contradiction and leaves it to the reader to make his own Judgment or inference. Where Wright wants to indicate the arrogance and imperialism of the American, he takes recourse to the ironic or satiric mode.
K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar has devoted a Chapter to Mulk Raj Anand. The writer pays a rich tribute to Anand for his portrayals as outcome of his personal knowledge and experience of such out castes in his life, and identification with their lot. He declares ‘Untouchable’ as most compact and artistic, ‘Coolie’ as most extensive in time and ‘two leaves and a bud’ as the most effective piece of sarcasm and satire. Iyengar comments the terrific intensity and concentration of the ‘Big Heart’ and Anand’s familiarity with the treated themes. Later, he expressed appreciation of the Anand for autobiographical strand, secure of history and narrative power critical comments on “Private life of a Indian Prince”. He further aids the Anand’s remarkable quality as vitality and sense of actuality. Iyengar’s critics is quite perceptive and unbiased in his book, ‘The elephant and the lotus’: A study of the Novels of Mulk Raj Anand.
One statement in the beginning of the book was especially poignant to any one who studies Indian culture, It is easy for us to feel a vicarious rage, a misery on behalf of these people, but Indians, dead and alive would only receive such feelings with pity or contempt; it is too easy to feel sympathy for a people who culture was wrecked..
While “The Wish to Be a Red Indian” and “Rejection” are different in structure but similar in style, they convey the same desire for escape. The two vignette seem to belong in Franz Kafka’s “Meditation” because of they have this conception of escape. After all, to meditate is to escape the physical world in order to look within oneself. Entertainment in general, including the practice of reading novels for enjoyment, is a form of escapism that allows people to relieve themselves from the banal aspects of daily life.
Zakaria captivates is readers at the beginning of his essay, he uses descriptive language and appeals to his audiences pathos describing what he thought of as the American dream back in the 1970s. He elaborates how over time his view of America changes, especially when he journey’s to the U.S. on a college scholarship. When visiting with friends in the U.S. Zakaria uses imagery to describe the “spacious suburban houses and the gleaming appliances” (Zakaria 461) most Americans at the time and compares it to life in India. Zakaria transitions from his method of comparison of India and America, and
...ly plays out the dilemma of the postcolonial writer that Anantha Murthy had discussed. Her writings and concerns are clearly subversive of the traditional bastions of power and keep out of the trappings of regressive social forces. On the other hand through her creative use of language, Roy engages in a dialogue with the West, challenging dominant narratives of India’s history. She does not confine herself to redressing the ‘insults’ of a colonial past, but is also keenly aware of the shadow of an older pre-colonial history. In her narrative of Transgressions, Roy offers a view of a Nation caught in transition and proves herself to be a product of its postcolonial culture. She makes no clear choices between tradition and modernity in any exclusive way, instead striving to arrive at a heterodox reality that does not belie the complexities of the Indian Consciousness.
Crimes, violence, catastrophes and injustices are most common topics to find on the internet, television and other social media sites. Just recently, the Baltimore case and Nepal tragedy are the main focus. As what everyone expects, America is the Dreamland, a place of hope and justice, where freedom and equality are granted to everybody. In contrast to the expectations, America, just like any other countries, once had conflict with the “Natives”, which is known to be the Civil War that even time can’t even heal. Richard Wright’s Native Son thoroughly enhances the meaning, themes and purpose of the novel as a whole through Foster’s inferences that emphasizes the irony of Bigger as the “native son” but suffers tremendously from alienation. Through
The diasporic characters face a sense of alienation of exile. The absence of the sense of belonging, the lingering awareness of ‘‘clutching at a world that does not belong to them’’ leaves them isolated and willing to create ‘‘home’’, a ‘‘community’’ in their own way. The protagonists are not averse to the idea of acculturation accompanied by a sense of loss and heart-breaks but they also want to ‘‘adapt and adopt.’’ The nine-short stories in the anthology deals with characters that are, or feel displaced from home. If we try to classify them, we find that the characters are first-generation and second- generation Indian settlers in the US (‘Mrs. Sen,’ ‘The Third and Final Continent,’ ‘When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine’), Indians in the native country (‘Interpreter of Maladies,’ ‘A Real Darwan’) and finally an American (‘Sexy’). In almost all the stories there is a longing for the native land, the life led in India before their migration to the US. Even the second-generation settlers are not free from the connection they have with the country of the birth of their parents. Politically and nationally they are Americans but the ‘added baggage’ of their parent’s memories of their country is something that they have to contend with. The first-generation settlers fear that the children may forget the traditions and culture of their parents and become completely Americanized. Thus they have
The author by interweaving, religious convictions and historical details employs fiction so as to provide a very powerful social commentary coming from none other than the most hated antagonist ever—Ravana himself. The novel raises several forbidden issues of color, race, untouchability, gender, with a hope that the marginalized and discriminated individuals find
Manjukapur an eminent novelist focuses on creating a new woman in her novels brings meaning for transformation through their own life.The novelist craftsmanship excellence lies when her protagonists challenge their struggle and trials. These struggle and suffering becomes a weapon for her women to become strong and victorious. Obviously when a woman becomes strongershe even gets the more courage to break the stereotype tradition, which hurdles her successful journey.
Untouchable by Mulk Raj Anand offers more than just a day in the life of a member of India's lowest caste. Anand manages to "touch" the reader with Bakha's untouchability. As he struggles to internalize his place in society, Bakha displays to the reader his potential, and how his low-caste birth has affected his spirit.
The approach employed in the present article is binarism. Theoretically, in my opinion, binarism seems to operate at cognitive level. It pertains to value orientation in the subjective world of human beings and thereby to the world orientation. In order to define the place of a thing in the world and an individual’s association and desirability, we are forced to rely on binary approach of studying the world. Coming to literature, I discuss the binary terms of (historical) fact and fiction. Here, I have tried to apply the binary approach and have tried to analyze the binary value orientation in Arundhati Roy’s novel ‘The God of Small Things. I want to demonstrate that it is the tension between the superior and Inferior in the fiction as well as in fact that forms the subject matter of the chapter one of the novel. The present study is based on the textual interpretation. The focus of the study is to analyze various discourses based on the caste stratification, the patriarchal joint family, the feminist voices, the political grouping etc voiced in the novel.
Mahasweta Devi, always writes for deprived section of people. She is a loving daughter, a clerk, a lecturer, a journalist, an editor, a novelist, a dramatist and above all an ardent social activist. Her stories bring to the surface not only the misery of the completely ignored tribal people, but also articulate the oppression of w...
One section of our society that has attracted the great attention of various scholars and activists during the last decade are the abased people who call themselves ‘Dalits’. The word ‘Dalit’ hails from Sanskrit language, meaning, suppressed, crushed, ground or broken to pieces. Gandhi Ji coined the word Harijans meaning ‘Children of God’ as a way of reverentially identifying the untouchables. The term ‘Scheduled Castes’ and Scheduled Tribes’ are the official terms used by Indian government documents to identify the untouchables and tribes. Earlier, a renowned Marathi social reformer Mahatma Jyotirao Phule used the term ‘Dalit’ to describe outcastes and untouchables as the oppressed and crushed victims of the Indian cast-ridden society. It is also believed that this usage was first devised by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. But the term got its prevalence in 1970’s when the supporters of Dalit Panther Movement of Maharashtra used this term ‘Dalit’ as a continuous reminder of their age-old suppression, representing both their state of social deprivation and people who are exploited. But, at present time, the term ‘Dalit’ stands for those people who, have been considered ‘outcaste’, because they are not deserving enough to be included in the fourfold classification of class structure. In the religious scripture ‘Manu Smriti’; the ‘Varna system’ of the society is provided. It is a four graded Varna system incorporating four kinds of people of the society borne out of the body of Lord Brahma, the supreme God. According to this mythology, Brahmin was born out of head, Kshatriya was born out of arms, Vaishya was born out of abdomen and Shudra was born out of feet. It focused on Shudra to live a life of servitude; because he was born out of feet. Th...
The concept of orientalism refers to the western perceptions of the eastern cultures and social practices. It is a specific expose of the eurocentric universalism which takes for granted both, the superiority of what is European or western and the inferiority of what is not. Salman Rushdie's Booker of the Bookers prize winning novel Midnights Children is full of remarks and incidents that show the orientalist perception of India and its people. It is Rushdie's interpretation of a period of about 70 years in India's modern history dealing with the events leading to the partition and beyond. Rushdie is a fantasist and a creator of alternate realities, the poet and prophet of a generation born at the degree zero of national history. The present paper is an attempt to study how Salman Rushdie, being himself a writer of diasporic consciousness, sometimes perceives India and its people as orientalist stereotypes and presents them in a derogatory manner.
The measured dialogue between Reader and Editor serves as the framework through which Gandhi seeks to discredit accepted terms of civilization and denounce the English. These principle characters amply assist in the development o...
This total idea of challenging and creating a new identity may seem quite a utopian concept but it is not so impossible. The present paper will illustrate the writings of Mridula Garg and Arundhati Roy. The characters in their work are not extraordinary and utopian but common people like us whom we can come across in our day today life. Here for the purpose of analysis Garg’s three short stories have been chosen. They are: Hari Bindi, Sath Saal Ki Aurat and Wo Dusri.